2010年12月22日 星期三

哈佛的難題! 也是我們的難題!



  




作者:李雪莉、彭昱融  出處:天下雜誌 410期 2008/11

哈佛的難題:聰明、會考試,卻不會問問題
十月初,哈佛大學一項學生學習成效調查結果,在哈佛教授間投下了一顆震撼彈。哈佛大學伯克教學中心(Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning)針對二十門課的教授、四百位學生,分別調查老師與學生是否掌握課堂「核心概念」(Big Idea)?跌破教授眼鏡的是,只有不到三成的學生,抓到教授在那門課想傳達的核心概念。

哈佛發現,即便是聰明又會考試的全美資優生,也
經常帶著偏見的知識前來學習。他們很會考試但不會問好問題,他們習慣被動學習,導致學習成效很差
當我們更重視學生如何得到答案,而非答案本身的時候,會發現學生的思考或邏輯不夠好,求知、探尋問題的技巧其實相當糟。

2010年12月19日 星期日

L9 Robert Frost and His Poems

課文翻譯與重點分析
1. Robert Frost (1874-1963) is probably the best-known American poet of the twentieth century.(見第1行)

(1) well-known = famous
better-known = more famous
best-known = most famous
文法/句型
be famous/well-known for something因(某成就)有名
be famous/well-known as somebody/something 因(某職稱、身份)有名
be famous/well-known to somebody 為(某人)所知
例:She is famous for her talents as a painter.
Taiwan is well-known as a beautiful island.
The pop singer is well-known to teenagers.

2. For nearly half a century he was the unofficial poet laureate of America, and his poems have been widely read around the world.(見第7行)
(1) widely adv. 廣泛地
例:Chopsticks are widely used in Asian countries.

3. ..., he used to sit in his mother's classroom and memorize long passages of prose and poetry, and thus grew to love language and literature.(見第17行)
(1) used to V 過去一向,過去習慣於
例:There used to be several pubs on the street, but they closed down one after another.
(2) thus = in this way
(3) grew to love language and literature
= came to love language and literature gradually
grow v.逐漸變得

4. ..., but it was not until his stay in England from 1912 to 1915 that he gained public recognition as a poet.(見第19行)
(1) stay n. 短暫的停留,暫時居住
例:I hope you will enjoy your stay in our hotel.
(2) gained public recognition獲得公認

5. The walks that he took on his farm allowed him to observe the details of nature and the rural landscape:....(見第22行)
(1)take a walk = go for a walk 散步
例:It's enjoyable to take a walk on a quiet country lane.

6. The rural environment that Frost knew and loved also included a strong human presence.(見第27行)S V
(1) included a strong human presence 蘊含強烈的人文氣息

7. In fact, it is his awareness of man's relationship with nature that brings us some of Frost's most memorable images-images that not only move us with their serene beauty, but also inspire us by addressing universal questions of life.(見第28行)
(1) It is ... that/who .... 分裂句(強調his awareness of man's relationship with nature)
例:It was Edward who gave her a bunch of flowers.(強調送花的人Edward)
  It was a bunch of flowers that Edward gave her.(強調送的東西是一束花)
分裂句動詞的單複數要根據所強調的主體而定。
例:It is the Simpsons who are going to Hawaii on vacation.
(2) memorable = unforgettable 難忘的
(3) move us with their serene beauty以寧謐之美打動我們
move v. [T] 感動;打動
例:This story has moved many people.
(4) addressing universal questions of life探討舉世皆然的人生問題
address = deal with

8. ...; his decision about which way to go becomes a metaphor for the major turning points that a person confronts in life.(見第34行)S(his~ to go) 名詞子句(作about的受詞)
(1) a metaphor for ... 為……的隱喻
(4) the major turning points that a person confronts in life一個人在生活中遭遇的重大轉捩點

9. In another poem, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," a rider on horseback contemplates whether he should stop and enjoy the beautiful winter scenery or continue home, his dilemma reflecting the universal struggle between freedom and duty.(見第36行)
(1) stop v. [T, I] 停留(在某地)
例:I can't stop-my husband is waiting for me in the car.
(2) snowy adj. 積雪的;多雪的;似雪的
例:We were glad that Christmas morning was cold and snowy.
(3) home作為指示方向的副詞,前面不加to。
例:on the way home 在回家的路上
(4) his dilemma reflecting the universal struggle between freedom and duty分詞構句,主詞不同所以保留,此用法大都出現在較正式的文章
(5) reflecting the universal struggle between freedom and duty反映出自由與責任之間舉世皆然的掙扎

10. To his regret, the rider realizes that before he can enjoy his freedom, he must fulfill his responsibilities. (見第39行)
(1) 介系詞to後接情感名詞,表達「某個行動後產生的感受」。常寫為to one's + N 或 to the + N + of someone
例:They finally decided to get married, to the joy of their friends.
  To our surprise, he won the first place in the contest.
(2) fulfill one's responsibility 達成職責;不負使命
fulfill one's obligation 履行義務
fulfill one's promise 履行諾言
例:I will fulfill my obligation to the best of my ability.

11. As we can see, common human experiences, with Frost's unique touch, are elevated to a level of profound meaning.(見第41行)
(1) touch n. [sing.](做某事的)風格,手法
例:His unique skills gave the performance the special touch.

12. To this day, his poems continue to touch the hearts of readers everywhere.(見第43行)
(1) to this day 時至今日;到現在
例:To this day, I don't know exactly what happened to him.
(2) touch v.觸動,感動
touch one's heart 感動某人的心靈
例:The novel of Bridges of Madison County deeply touched me/touched my heart.

13. And sorry I could not travel both / And be one traveler, long I stood / And looked down one as far as I could / To where it bent in the undergrowth;(見第47行)
(1) long I stood = I stood there for a long time.
(2) look down something 沿著……往前看

14. Then took the other, as just as fair, / And having perhaps the better claim, / Because it was grassy and wanted wear;(見第51行)
(1) Then took the other = Then I took the other road. 「我又試選了另一條路。」
文法/句型
「區分兩個項目」的說法:one ... the other
「區分三個項目」的說法:one ... another ... the other
「區分四個項目」的說法: one ... another ... still another ... the other
例:Mrs. Wilson has two daughters. One is a teacher, and the other is a nurse.
My four best friends listen to different kinds of music. One likes pop songs, another likes classical music, still another loves folk music, and the other enjoys jazz.
(2) as (it was) just as fair = as this road was just as fair as the other one因這一條路也一樣美好
(3) having perhaps the better claim
= This road perhaps had a better claim than the first one.
claim n.主張;聲明擁有;有權要求
(4) wanted wear = lacked wear = was not much worn 缺乏磨損
例:The shoes showed signs of wear.

15. Though as for that, the passing there / Had worn them really about the same,(見第54行)
(1) as for 至於……
that 指前句grassy and wanted wear的狀況。
(2) passing n.(人跡的)經過
(3) really about the same = nearly the same 差不多

16. Oh, I kept the first for another day! / Yet knowing how way leads on to way, / I doubted if I should ever come back.(見第58行)
(1) doubt v.懷疑(認定事情不真的可能性較高)
例:I have no doubt that she will come.
  = I believe that she will come.

17. I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence:(見第61行)
(1) with a sigh 帶著一聲嘆息
(2) hence在此意為from now今後

18. I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference.(見第64行)
(1) that has made all the difference 一次決定卻造成之後的重大影響
make some difference 有些差別;有些關係
make no/little difference 沒有差別;沒什麼兩樣
make a world of difference 有天壤之別
例:His effort made a world of difference to me.

19. Whose woods these are I think I know.(見第67行)
= I think I know whose woods these are.
(1) woods 樹林

20. His house is in the village though;(見第68行)
(1) though adv. 然而

21. He will not see me stopping here / To watch his woods fill up with snow.(見第69行)
(1) stop to V = stop and V 停下來而去做某事
stop V-ing 停止做某事
例:On his way home, he stopped to help an old lady cross the street.
Can you stop playing that violin? It's late.

22. My little horse must think it queer / To stop without a farmhouse near(見第71行)
(1) it指後面to stop without a farmhouse near,全句為My little horse must think it strange to stop at a place where no farmhouse is nearby.

23. Between the woods and frozen lake / The darkest evening of the year.(見第73行)
(1) frozen adj. 結冰的

VOCABULARY
I.Words for production
1. literature n. [U, C] 文學;文獻
literal adj. 照字面的;原意的
literate adj. 能讀寫的
illiterate adj. 不識字的;缺乏教育的
illiterate n. [C] 文盲
例:There is extensive literature on the subject. 
A literal translation may not be close to the original meaning.
  Only ten percent of the women on this island are literate.
  The illiterate old man had difficulty writing his own name.

4. officially adv. 正式地;官方說法地
official residence 官邸
official statistics 官方統計數字
例:The singer was officially invited to perform at the prince's birthday party.

5. talented adj. 有天分的,有才華的
a talent contest/show 才藝競賽/才藝表演
a talent scout 星探,球探,體育探子
例:He used to be a talented baseball player, but an injury ended his career.

6. manhood 成人時期
likelihood 可能性
priesthood 神職,神職人員
sisterhood 姊妹身份;婦女運動團體

9. gain weight 增重
gain in sth. ……逐漸增加;愈來愈……
One man's loss is another man's gain. 從別人的損失中獲得好處。
例:As he grew older, he gained in confidence and charm.

12. trademark 商標
landmark 地標
birthmark 胎記
postmark 郵戳

13. present adj. 出席的;現在的n. [U] 現在;目前;[C] 禮物v. [T] 呈現
at present 目前;當今
up to the present 迄今;到目前為止
present sb. with sth. = present sth. to sb. 將(某物)呈給(某人)
例:Seeing so many people present, the boss was satisfied.
  She is with her mother at present.

18. to face a dilemma (of ...) 面臨(……)兩難的局面
例:He's facing the dilemma of studying abroad or losing his girlfriend.

19. a sense of duty 責任感
on/off duty 值勤/下勤務(指護士、警察等需輪流值班的行業)
have a duty to V 有責任、義務(去做)……
例:Let's have a drink when you go off duty today.
  Parents have a duty to take good care of their children.

20. irresponsible adj. 不負責任的
have a responsibility to/toward somebody 對(某人)有職責、義務
take responsibility for V-ing/N 為(某事)負責
sense of responsibility 責任感
例:It was irresponsible of the factory to allow the river to become so polluted.
  I believe every individual in the team has a responsibility to the others.
  Who will take responsibility for the mess now?

23. divergence n. [C, U] 分歧
divergent adj. 分歧的
diverge from 從……分出
例:There is a wide divergence of opinion on the issue.
  The hunters lost track of the animal on divergent paths.
  Human ancestors diverged from those of the chimpanzee between five and seven million years ago.

24. bend n. [C] 彎曲處
bendable adj. 可彎曲的
例:Many accidents have taken place at this sharp bend in the road.
  Soft and bendable toys are most suitable for young children.

25. lay claim to something 聲稱擁有某物
have a claim on something 有資格擁有某物
claim damages 要求賠償損失
claim one's life 使(某人)喪命
例:The crisis arose when both countries laid claim to the island.
  No matter what you are engaged in, your children have a claim on your time.
  The tornado last week claimed sixteen lives.

26. wear something away 損耗;磨破
wear somebody down 使疲乏;使軟弱
wear off 消失
wear somebody out 使人累壞了
wear (something) out 損壞
例:The writing on the cover has almost (been) worn away.
  The couple were apparently worn down by caring for their newborn baby.
  The boy was bored with his new video game as soon as the novelty wore off.
  You'll wear yourself out if you don't relax a bit.
  Some parts in the machine have worn out and need to be replaced.

27. equal n. [C] 同等的人或物v. [T] 相等
equality n. [U] 平等
例:All men are created equal.
One meter equals one hundred centimeters.
  The foundation is committed to racial equality.

28. tread carefully/warily/lightly/gently 謹慎地處理某事(以避免得罪任何人)
例:The government has to tread warily on sensitive racial issues.

IDIOMS AND PHRASES
1. honorary adj.(官階或學位)榮譽的
honor n. [U, C] 敬重;榮譽v. [T] 敬重
honorable adj. 高貴的;可敬重的
例:Let's fight for the honor of our country.
  We are honored by your presence.
  He is a man of many honorable deeds.

3. poet laureate 桂冠詩人
laureate n. [C] 接受無上榮耀封贈的人
a Nobel laureate 諾貝爾獎得主

2010年12月16日 星期四

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2010年12月6日 星期一

L8 Hurry Up or Slow Down

課文重點分析

1. "The race is not to the swift or the battle to the strong." (Eccl. 9:11)(見第1行)(善於賽跑的人不一定跑第一;勇士不一定打勝仗)
(1) to the swift 對the swift有偏愛,這是古文to的語意
(2) the swift 迅速者
the + adj. → N,表「全體」
(3) not A or B = neither A nor B 既非A也非B
例:He's not a doctor or a pharmacist.

2. Several times a year they would load up the old ox-drawn cart with vegetables and go into the nearest city to sell their produce.(見第3行)
(1) load (a vehicle)(up) with something 使(運輸工具)承載……
例:Don't load your bicycle up with so much stuff. You may lose balance.
(2) the ox-drawn cart = the cart which was drawn by an ox
複合形容詞的形成方式有以下幾種:
1. 名詞 + 過去分詞 a heart-broken girl
2. 名詞 + 現在分詞 a peace-loving people
3. 形容詞 + 名詞-ed a kind-hearted lady
4. 形容詞 + 現在分詞  a good-looking person
5. 副詞 + 過去分詞 a well-behaved child
6. 副詞 + 現在分詞 a fast-moving object

3. Except for their name and the patch of ground, father and son had little in common.(見第5行)
(1) except for/apart from/aside from/other than + N/V-ing 除了……之外
besides/in addition to/apart from/aside from + N/V-ing 除了……之外還有
例:During those two months, she hadn't done anything productive except for going to school.
  Besides English, he is also good at Italian and French.

4. The son figured that if they walked faster and kept going all day and night, they'd make the market by early the next morning.(見第9行)
(1) figure v. [T] 想;認為;計算 n. [C] 數字;外形;身影;重要人物
figure out 算出;想出
keep one's figure 保持身材
例:I figure that he's not going to give up.
  Have you figured out the answer?
  What do you do to keep your figure?
(2) make/make it to +地方 抵達;到得了……
例:Do you think we can make home by four o'clock?

5. So he kept prodding the ox with a stick, urging the beast to get a move on.(見第11行)
(1) urge somebody to V 驅策/鼓勵某人做……
urge n. 衝動
urgent adj. 緊急的
urgency n. [U] 緊急情況
例:My mom urged me to make a boyfriend.
  I had a sudden urge to yell at everybody.
  This is urgent! Call 119 for an ambulance!
  This is a matter of urgency. There can be no delay.

6. "But if we get to market ahead of the others, we'll have a better chance of getting good prices," argued the son.(見第14行)
(1) ahead of 在……之前
例:He swam ahead of all the others.
(2) chance n. 可能性 =likelihood, possibility
例: a slim/slight chance 可能性很低
  a fifty-fifty chance 百分之五十的可能性
(3) argue 提出論點;主張說;爭論
argument n. 論點;各人主張
例:He argued that college entrance exams should be abolished.
  The author's arguments in this article are not very convincing to me.

7. Dad just pulled his hat down over his eyes and fell asleep on the seat.(見第16行)
(1) over表示「在……的上方」
over和above的比較:
表示「高於……」,over和above皆可
例:There is a large crystal chandelier above/over the stage.
表示「在……上方,並覆蓋住」,多用over
例:She put a blanket over her husband, who had fallen asleep on the sofa.

8. "Then a few more minutes won't matter. My brother and I live so close, yet we see each other so seldom," the father answered slowly.(見第24行)
(1) matter: make a difference 具重要性;緊要
例:It doesn't matter to me whether you like me or not.
matter n. 事情;問題」。
a matter of ... 一件……的事
no matter who/where/how ... 無論……
例:Please phone me as soon as possible-it's a matter of life and death.
  No matter how much you beg me, I won't lend you any more money.
(2) yet conj. 然而,卻
例:He has a good wife, yet he seems to be unhappy in his marriage.

9. The boy fidgeted and fumed while the two old men laughed and talked away almost an hour.(見第27行)
(1) while: during the time when,後面通常接時間持續比較長的動作
when: at the time that,後面通常接時間比較短的動作。
例:I was taking a shower when the phone rang.
  The phone rang while I was taking a shower.
(2) away adv. 持續地
例:I bought a new book and then spent the afternoon reading away.

10. "I know it," replied the old man, "but this way is so much prettier."(見第32行)
(1)修飾比較級: much, far, very much, so much, a lot, lots, a little, a bit等。
例:My brother's car is a lot more spacious than mine.

11. "Have you no respect for time?" the young man asked impatiently.(見第34行)
(1) respect n. [U] v. [T] 尊敬;敬重
have/show respect for ... 尊敬……;對……表示尊敬
例:Have some respect for the old lady, will you?

12. That's why I like to use it to appreciate beauty and enjoy each moment to the fullest.(見第36行)
(1) that's why ... 那就是……的原因
(2) appreciate v. [T] 欣賞;感謝
be appreciative of something 感激
例:I don't know how to appreciate art.
  I'm very appreciative of everybody's help.
(3) enjoy something to the full/fullest 盡情享受某事物
例:Sitting on the balcony, you can enjoy the food as well as the beautiful scenery to the fullest.
  
13. The winding path led through graceful meadows, past wildflowers, and along a rippling stream-all of which the young man missed as he churned within, preoccupied and boiling with anxiety.(見第38行)
(1) lead v. [I] 通往;領導;領先
lead to + N 導致
lead someone to believe/think ... 誘使某人相信/認為……
例:The path leads through the forest.
  Hard work leads to success.
  The stockbroker led me to believe that it was a worthwhile investment.
(2) as = while 當……時
(3) boil v. [I] 沸騰;憤怒至極
例: Seeing the sales figures this month, the boss boiled with rage.

14. The old man breathed in the aroma, listened to the bubbling brook, and pulled the ox to a halt.(見第43行)
(1) breathe in 吸入→ breathe out 呼出
(2) bubble v. [I] 產生泡泡;(因流動而)發出咕嚕咕嚕的聲音
例:We could smell the chowder before we heard it bubbling in the pot.

15. "This is the last trip I'm taking with you," snapped his son.(見第46行)
(1) the last + N,常用來表達對某事物或某人的一種強烈的負面情緒。
例:He is the last person I want to work with.
(2) snap v. [T, I] 怒喝;厲聲說話;啪的一聲折斷 n. [C] 啪噠聲
例:"You're late again!" the teacher snapped.
  The chopsticks broke with a snap.

16. "Why, that's the nicest thing you've said in a long time," smiled the dad.(見第49行)
(1) why在這裡當感嘆詞用,表示驚訝或不耐煩,在美式英語中較為常見。
例:Why, you look totally different.
(2) in a long time 這麼久以來;長久以來
例:For the first time in a long time I felt relaxed.

17. The night dragged slowly; the son was restless.(見第51行)
(1) drag v. [I, T] (時間等)拖長;走得很慢;(物品)在地上拖著;拖拉
drag one's feet 拖著腳步
例:The days in the hospital dragged on like years.
  Hungry and tired, Mr. Lin dragged his feet as he walked out of the office.

18. The boy looked away in anger.(見第60行)
(1) look away/up/down/inside/around 向別處/往上/往下/往裡頭/四處看
look after 照顧
look forward to + N/V-ing 期盼
look down on somebody 看不起某人
look up to somebody 尊敬某人
例:Hearing a rustling sound, I looked up and found a rare bird perching on a tree branch.
  The wife has to look after her sick husband in the hospital.
  Don't look down on/upon poor people.
(2) in anger 氣憤地
文法/句型
in + 表情緒的名詞,當副詞使用,表情緒、精神等
with + N = adv.
of + N = adj.
例:She looked at me in horror as if I were a ghost.
Please handle the box with care.
= Please handle the box carefully.
A dictionary is of great help to language learners.
 = A dictionary is very helpful to language learners.

19. It was almost eight o'clock that morning by the time the other cart was back on the road.(見第62行)
(1)「by + 時間」表示在某個時間點之前。
例:He said he would be back by dinnertime.

20. Suddenly, a great flash split the sky.(見第63行)
(1) flash n. [C] 閃光;閃現;閃光燈 v. [I] 閃過
in a flash 一瞬間
flash into/across one's mind 閃過心頭
例:Suddenly I felt a flash of hope.
  The genie disappeared in a flash.
  An idea flashed across my mind.
(2) split v. (split, split, split, splitting) [T, I] 使裂開;分攤;分裂
例:He split the piece of wood with an ax.

21. Beyond the hills, the sky grew dark.(見第64行)
(1)beyond prep. 越過;在……的那一邊;超出……的範圍
例:He lives beyond the river.

22. "If we had hurried, we'd be almost sold out by now," grumbled his son.(見第66行)
(1) by now 現在(已經),by + 時間,代表在那個時間之前。
例:They left an hour ago, so they should be home by now.

23. "Take it easy... You'll last longer. And you'll enjoy life so much more," counselled the kind old gentleman.(見第68行)
(1)counsel v. [T] 勸告;諮商(過去式為counseled或counselled)

24. Neither of them said a word.(見第73行)
(1)neither of +複數N or pron,動詞用單數或複數皆可(複數動詞為較不正式的用法)。
例:Neither of my best friends is/are going steady with anyone.

25. They turned their cart around and began to roll slowly away from what had once been the city of Hiroshima.(見第77行)
(1) turn (something/somebody) around 轉向;掉頭
turn to 轉向……求助
turn down 拒絕
turn up 出現
turn over (使)翻覆
例:Turn around and let me look at your back.
  When I get in trouble, I turn to my parents.
  When the singer finally turned up, the fans almost went crazy.
  The huge waves turned the boat over.
(2) roll v. [T](使)有輪子的車輛前進;滾動
例:A rolling stone gathers no moss.

VOCABULARY

3. load something onto/into (a vehicle) 上貨
be loaded down with something 裝載某物使負荷過重
a load off one's mind 心中憂慮的解除,心中石頭落了地
loads of/a load of 大量;許多
字尾-load表示「……的量」 busload n. 公車的載客量 workload n. 工作量
例:Load the produce into the van.   
Students nowadays are loaded down with schoolwork.   
When I heard the typhoon would not come to Taiwan, it was a load off my mind.   
You can find loads of useful information at this website.

5. shopping/baggage cart 購物∕行李推車
put the cart before the horse 本末倒置
例:I think many parents in Taiwan are putting the cart before the horse by urging their children to learn English before they can master Chinese.

6. productive adj. 多產的;生產力強的
producer n. [C] 生產者;製作人
agricultural/dairy produce 農/酪農產品
例:My mom can produce a delicious meal from the simplest ingredients.   
The R&D department was not very productive last month. What went wrong?   
Steven Spielberg is not only the director but the producer of this movie.

7. patch something up 修理某物(尤指草草修理);解決(紛爭)
例:They finally patched up their differences and were able to get along again.

8. hitch n. [C] 故障;障礙
hitchhike v. [I] 搭便車旅行
without a hitch 沒有閃失,非常成功
hitch up 向上拉
例:I hitched a ride with John to the party.   
Everyone knows hitchhiking is not a safe way to travel.   
His concert went off without a hitch.   
She hitched up her sock when she felt it slipping down.

9. itch n. [sing.] 癢;渴望
be itching to V/for N 迫切想要……
例:Mom, I have an itch on my back. Could you scratch it for me?   
At this time of the day, everybody is itching to go home.

11. fidget n. [usu. pl.] 煩躁;坐立不安
fidgety adj. 坐立不安的,煩躁的
get the fidgets 坐立不安,煩躁
例:He's such a fidgety person, both physically and mentally. It's hard for him to sit still and even harder to quiet down his mind.   
I always get the fidgets during long lectures.

12. fume at somebody or something 對某人或某事發火
fume over something 對某事發火
fume with rage 勃然大怒
例:Mr. Lin fumed with rage at our delay.

13. forked adj. 分岔的
例:A bird with a forked tail landed on his shoulder.

14. wind [waInd] v. (wind, wound, wound) [I] 上發條
wind (something) up 結束
wind up 最後……(= end up)
例: Have you wound the antique clock?   
Before I wind up, do you have any questions?   
We planned to go shopping, but we wound up sitting in a café chatting away the whole afternoon.
19. within reach (of) 在可及……的範圍內
within (a) budget 在預算內
within sight 在視線範圍內
within walking distance 走路可到的距離
例:The hotel lies within easy reach of a train station and bus stops.   
I tried to keep my spending within my budget during the trip.   
We walked for three hours, and the hotel finally came within sight.   
Is the restaurant within walking distance or should we take a taxi?

20. be preoccupied with 滿腦子都是……
例:Christie is preoccupied with making money to buy a new house.

21. twilight year 晚年,遲暮之年
例:Doris still had an active social life in her twilight years.

22. a fruity aroma 果香
a delicious aroma 引人垂涎的香味
aromatic herbs 香草
香氣的區別:
aroma 多半指食物或飲料發出的香味
例:the aroma of freshly baked cookies
scent (天然的)香味;香水 = perfume
例:the scent of flowers the perfume of roses
fragrance 香味;香水
例:the fragrance of shampoo

23. bring something to a halt 使停頓
come to a halt 停止
(a vehicle) screech to a halt 緊急煞車
例:The project was brought to a halt due to lack of money.   
A carriage came to a halt at the gate.   
The bus screeched to a halt when the driver saw the motorcycle rushing out of the lane.

25. stare v. [I, T](因驚訝、害怕或若有所思而)盯著看
peer v. [I](因看不清楚而靠近)細看
gaze v. [I](因為驚訝或若有所思而)盯著看,(深情地)凝視
例:The prince stood alone on the balcony and stared into space.   
The lost hiker peered nervously at the map and tried to find the right path.   
In the picture, the bride and groom are gazing lovingly at each other.

27. ditch v. [T] 丟掉;甩掉
例:Joe has just ditched his girlfriend.

29. sometimes adv. 有時候
some time 一段時間
例:Sometimes I like to eat out.   
I wish I could afford to spend some time here to learn more about this city.

30. grumble v. [I] 喃喃抱怨;肚子餓發出的咕嚕聲
grumble n. [C] 抱怨
例:My stomach grumbled loudly in the middle of the meeting, and everybody burst out laughing.

31. devastated adj. 完全被毀滅的;崩潰的
devastating charm/smile/beauty 致命的魅力/迷死人的笑容/傾國傾城的美貌
例:When they returned to their village, they found it devastated.   
The old woman was devastated upon hearing the bad news.

IDIOMS AND PHRASES

1. take something seriously 認真看待某事
take something calmly 冷靜看待某事
take defeat well 坦然接受失敗
take something lightly 輕忽某事
例:He takes people's advice seriously.   
The president took the crisis calmly.   
A true sportsman always plays fair and takes defeat well.   
The government took the new disease too lightly at first.

3. stop off(at/in + 地方)在中途短暫停留
stop over 途中在某地過夜,盤桓數日
例:Please stop off at the grocery store on your way home and get some milk.   
We'll stop over in Malaysia for one night on our way to Turkey.

5. take turns V-ing/to V 輪流做……
it is one's turn to V 輪到……做……
例:Let's take turns doing the housework.   
It's your turn to take out the garbage today.