1. Far From the Madding Crowd Pearson Basic / ISBN: 52 1700 9781405882170
2. Rabbit-Proof Fence Oxford Basic / ISBN: 9780194791441
3. In the Year of the Boar and Jackie Robinson Harper Trophy Basic / ISBN: 170 978-0-06-440175-3
4. The Black Cat 東華 Basic / ISBN: 53 978-0-230-02923-1
5. Eye of the Storm Cambridge Basic / ISBN: 0-521-53659-6
6. The Merchant of Venice Cosmos (寂天) Basic / ISBN:
2010年3月27日 星期六
2010年3月22日 星期一
B4L4 The Happy Whitewasher
第四課 快樂的油漆工
課文解析
1. There was a song in every heart and happiness in every step.（見第2行）
= Everyone felt wonderful. They felt almost like singing.
step n. [C] 腳步
step by step 按部就班
例：Watch your step, please.
2. The locust trees were in bloom and their fragrance filled the air.（見第3行）
in bloom 開花，bloom是名詞，也可以說in full bloom 花朵盛開；bloom也可以當動詞用，意思是「開花」。
例：It’s amazing to see the roses in the garden bursting into bloom all at once.
3. Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a brush.（見第5行）
英文裡有許多名詞是不可數的（uncountable），但是加上表示單位的片語，可以把單位用語改成複數，形成可數的意思。
例：three coats of whitewash（三層白漆）
four bottles of wine（四瓶酒）
two pieces of paper（兩張紙）
a piece of furniture （一件傢俱）
a piece of advice （一個忠告）
4. Thirty yards of fence, nine feet high.（見第6行）
= The fence was thirty yards long and nine feet high.
5. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden.（見第7行）
= Life felt meaningless. Being alive was not at all joyful.
but 意思是only「只不過是」，前面省略動詞was，原句為Existence was but a burden.
例：Life is but a dream. （人生不過夢一場。）
6. Sighing, he dipped his brush into the whitewash and passed it along the top.（見第8行）
(1) 這句子用了「分詞構句」的結構。sighing的主詞即後面子句的主詞he。這是「簡單式分詞構句」，湯姆一面嘆氣，一面粉刷，兩個動作差不多同時進行。
文法／句型
「簡單式分詞構句」兩個動詞發生的時間差不多。
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Walking down the street yesterday, I ran into an old friend.
「完成式分詞構句」比較強調一個動作在前，一個動作在後。
Having finished my science report, I went to a movie with Susan.
Having prepared well for the presentation, he no longer felt nervous.
7. Then he compared the small whitewashed streak with the far-reaching continent of unwhitewashed fence, and sat down discouraged.（見第9行）
(1) compare A with B：比較 A 與B
例：Compare this book with that one, and you will find that the two writers have very different styles.
compare A to B ：把A比喻為B
例：Life is often compared to a journey.
(2) far-reaching adj. 影響深遠的
例：His ideas have had a far-reaching influence on the lives of people throughout the world.
但在本課上下文，far-reaching 解釋成「廣大的」，continent 解釋成「一大片」，與small whitewashed streak有誇張對比的效果。表示「還沒粉刷的地方好大一片，粉刷了的地方只是一小塊」，真令人洩氣。
【補充】
就形式上而言，複合形容詞的字尾最常見的有兩種：一是以ing結尾；一是以ed結尾。前者常有「主動」、「進行」之意；後者常有「被動」、「完成」之意。
例：a far-reaching consequences（影響深遠的結果）
a fast-moving train（快速移動的火車）
a time-consuming job（耗時的工作）
a heartbroken man（心碎的男子）
well-educated people（受良好教育的人）
homemade cookies（自製的糕點）
a well-done steak（全熟牛排）
(3) S + sit/stand + V-ing/p.p. 分詞在此當主詞補語，修飾主詞。
例：On the roof of her house, Mandy sat looking up at the starry sky.
He went home exhausted and disappointed.
He stood there amazed.
8. Nothing less than a magnificent inspiration!（見第20行）
(1) 全句省略了主詞和動詞it was (= It was nothing less than a magnificent inspiration!)。
9. Before long, Ben Rogers came in sight---the very boy, of all boys, he dreaded most.（見第22行）
(1) the very + N 與名詞連用表加強語氣，指「就是那一個……」，「正好是那一個……」。
例：Sam got the job because he was the very person the company needed.
(2) of all + N 在所有的……當中
例：Of all the European countries, I like Spain and Italy the best.
(3) most 在文中當副詞，修飾動詞。
例：This problem bothers me (the) most.
在非正式文體中，the往往被省略。
10. You have to work today, don’t you?（見第30行）
don’t you是「附加問句」。一般而言，前面子句若為肯定句，附加問句就用否定形式；前面子句若為否定句，附加問句就用肯定形式。
：You are a doctor, aren’t you?
He is a lawyer, isn’t he?
She lives in Taipei, doesn’t she?
You can play the piano, can’t you?
He has to do it, doesn’t he?
Stella wasn’t born in February, was she?
Alfred doesn’t like me, does he?
James hasn’t gone to bed yet, has he?
Let's go, shall we?
文法／句型
would rather + V + than + V
這是本課重要句型，提醒學生注意would rather 後面要用原形動詞。than後面也要用原形動詞。
He would rather die than give up.
She would rather remain single than marry a guy she does not love.
11. Ben stopped nibbling his apple.（見第44行）
文法／句型
(1) stop + V-ing 停止這個動作
He stopped smoking. （他戒煙了。）
She stopped crying. （她不哭了。）
(2) stop + to + V 停下來而開始……
He stopped to smoke and take a rest. （他停下來抽口煙休息一下。）
12. Tom considered---was about to consent, but he changed his mind.（見第50行）
(1) be about to 即將
(2) consent v. [I] 同意
consent to N 同意某事
consent to V 同意做……
13. You see, Aunt Polly’s awfully particular about this fence.（見第52行）
(1) awfully 非常
(2) be particular about 挑剔；講究
14. I guess there isn’t one boy in a thousand that can do it the way it’s got to be done.（見第53行）
the way + (how) S + V ... ……的方式
例：Have you seen the way Janet dances? It’s so funny!
Mike Mussina is my favorite pitcher; I love the way he pitches.
14. And when the middle of the afternoon came, from being a poverty-stricken boy in the morning, Tom was rolling in wealth.（見第69行）
(1) poverty-stricken是由一個名詞和一個過去分詞合成的複合形容詞，常見的類似用法還有：
grief-stricken adj. 非常哀痛的
earthquake-stricken adj. 被地震蹂躪的
typhoon-stricken adj. 飽受颱風摧殘的
stricken的原形動詞為strike（strike, struck, struck/strucken），是「打」、「擊」之意；當名詞用時還可作「示威」解釋。
15. He had had a nice idle time all the while---and plenty of company---and the fence had three coats of whitewash on it!（見第76行）
(1) plenty of 很多，大量的，充裕的（後面可接可數名詞與不可數名詞）
例：plenty of time
plenty of books
(2) company n. [U] 朋友，同伴
keep good/bad company 與益友／損友交往
mixed company 男男女女，形形色色的人
(3) three coats 三層
16. If he hadn’t run out of whitewash, he would have bankrupted every boy in the village.（見第77行）
(事實上) He ran out of whitewash, so he didn’t bankrupt every boy in the village.
這是本課重要句型：相反於「過去事實」的假設語氣。條件句的動詞要用「過去完成式」；主要子句的動詞要用「would/should/could/ might + 完成式」。
例：If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you.
(= I did not know your telephone number, so I did not call you.)
If she had had enough money, she would have bought that sweater.
(= She did not have enough money, so she did not buy that sweater.)
課文解析
1. There was a song in every heart and happiness in every step.（見第2行）
= Everyone felt wonderful. They felt almost like singing.
step n. [C] 腳步
step by step 按部就班
例：Watch your step, please.
2. The locust trees were in bloom and their fragrance filled the air.（見第3行）
in bloom 開花，bloom是名詞，也可以說in full bloom 花朵盛開；bloom也可以當動詞用，意思是「開花」。
例：It’s amazing to see the roses in the garden bursting into bloom all at once.
3. Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a brush.（見第5行）
英文裡有許多名詞是不可數的（uncountable），但是加上表示單位的片語，可以把單位用語改成複數，形成可數的意思。
例：three coats of whitewash（三層白漆）
four bottles of wine（四瓶酒）
two pieces of paper（兩張紙）
a piece of furniture （一件傢俱）
a piece of advice （一個忠告）
4. Thirty yards of fence, nine feet high.（見第6行）
= The fence was thirty yards long and nine feet high.
5. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden.（見第7行）
= Life felt meaningless. Being alive was not at all joyful.
but 意思是only「只不過是」，前面省略動詞was，原句為Existence was but a burden.
例：Life is but a dream. （人生不過夢一場。）
6. Sighing, he dipped his brush into the whitewash and passed it along the top.（見第8行）
(1) 這句子用了「分詞構句」的結構。sighing的主詞即後面子句的主詞he。這是「簡單式分詞構句」，湯姆一面嘆氣，一面粉刷，兩個動作差不多同時進行。
文法／句型
「簡單式分詞構句」兩個動詞發生的時間差不多。
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Walking down the street yesterday, I ran into an old friend.
「完成式分詞構句」比較強調一個動作在前，一個動作在後。
Having finished my science report, I went to a movie with Susan.
Having prepared well for the presentation, he no longer felt nervous.
7. Then he compared the small whitewashed streak with the far-reaching continent of unwhitewashed fence, and sat down discouraged.（見第9行）
(1) compare A with B：比較 A 與B
例：Compare this book with that one, and you will find that the two writers have very different styles.
compare A to B ：把A比喻為B
例：Life is often compared to a journey.
(2) far-reaching adj. 影響深遠的
例：His ideas have had a far-reaching influence on the lives of people throughout the world.
但在本課上下文，far-reaching 解釋成「廣大的」，continent 解釋成「一大片」，與small whitewashed streak有誇張對比的效果。表示「還沒粉刷的地方好大一片，粉刷了的地方只是一小塊」，真令人洩氣。
【補充】
就形式上而言，複合形容詞的字尾最常見的有兩種：一是以ing結尾；一是以ed結尾。前者常有「主動」、「進行」之意；後者常有「被動」、「完成」之意。
例：a far-reaching consequences（影響深遠的結果）
a fast-moving train（快速移動的火車）
a time-consuming job（耗時的工作）
a heartbroken man（心碎的男子）
well-educated people（受良好教育的人）
homemade cookies（自製的糕點）
a well-done steak（全熟牛排）
(3) S + sit/stand + V-ing/p.p. 分詞在此當主詞補語，修飾主詞。
例：On the roof of her house, Mandy sat looking up at the starry sky.
He went home exhausted and disappointed.
He stood there amazed.
8. Nothing less than a magnificent inspiration!（見第20行）
(1) 全句省略了主詞和動詞it was (= It was nothing less than a magnificent inspiration!)。
9. Before long, Ben Rogers came in sight---the very boy, of all boys, he dreaded most.（見第22行）
(1) the very + N 與名詞連用表加強語氣，指「就是那一個……」，「正好是那一個……」。
例：Sam got the job because he was the very person the company needed.
(2) of all + N 在所有的……當中
例：Of all the European countries, I like Spain and Italy the best.
(3) most 在文中當副詞，修飾動詞。
例：This problem bothers me (the) most.
在非正式文體中，the往往被省略。
10. You have to work today, don’t you?（見第30行）
don’t you是「附加問句」。一般而言，前面子句若為肯定句，附加問句就用否定形式；前面子句若為否定句，附加問句就用肯定形式。
：You are a doctor, aren’t you?
He is a lawyer, isn’t he?
She lives in Taipei, doesn’t she?
You can play the piano, can’t you?
He has to do it, doesn’t he?
Stella wasn’t born in February, was she?
Alfred doesn’t like me, does he?
James hasn’t gone to bed yet, has he?
Let's go, shall we?
文法／句型
would rather + V + than + V
這是本課重要句型，提醒學生注意would rather 後面要用原形動詞。than後面也要用原形動詞。
He would rather die than give up.
She would rather remain single than marry a guy she does not love.
11. Ben stopped nibbling his apple.（見第44行）
文法／句型
(1) stop + V-ing 停止這個動作
He stopped smoking. （他戒煙了。）
She stopped crying. （她不哭了。）
(2) stop + to + V 停下來而開始……
He stopped to smoke and take a rest. （他停下來抽口煙休息一下。）
12. Tom considered---was about to consent, but he changed his mind.（見第50行）
(1) be about to 即將
(2) consent v. [I] 同意
consent to N 同意某事
consent to V 同意做……
13. You see, Aunt Polly’s awfully particular about this fence.（見第52行）
(1) awfully 非常
(2) be particular about 挑剔；講究
14. I guess there isn’t one boy in a thousand that can do it the way it’s got to be done.（見第53行）
the way + (how) S + V ... ……的方式
例：Have you seen the way Janet dances? It’s so funny!
Mike Mussina is my favorite pitcher; I love the way he pitches.
14. And when the middle of the afternoon came, from being a poverty-stricken boy in the morning, Tom was rolling in wealth.（見第69行）
(1) poverty-stricken是由一個名詞和一個過去分詞合成的複合形容詞，常見的類似用法還有：
grief-stricken adj. 非常哀痛的
earthquake-stricken adj. 被地震蹂躪的
typhoon-stricken adj. 飽受颱風摧殘的
stricken的原形動詞為strike（strike, struck, struck/strucken），是「打」、「擊」之意；當名詞用時還可作「示威」解釋。
15. He had had a nice idle time all the while---and plenty of company---and the fence had three coats of whitewash on it!（見第76行）
(1) plenty of 很多，大量的，充裕的（後面可接可數名詞與不可數名詞）
例：plenty of time
plenty of books
(2) company n. [U] 朋友，同伴
keep good/bad company 與益友／損友交往
mixed company 男男女女，形形色色的人
(3) three coats 三層
16. If he hadn’t run out of whitewash, he would have bankrupted every boy in the village.（見第77行）
(事實上) He ran out of whitewash, so he didn’t bankrupt every boy in the village.
這是本課重要句型：相反於「過去事實」的假設語氣。條件句的動詞要用「過去完成式」；主要子句的動詞要用「would/should/could/ might + 完成式」。
例：If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you.
(= I did not know your telephone number, so I did not call you.)
If she had had enough money, she would have bought that sweater.
(= She did not have enough money, so she did not buy that sweater.)
2010年3月17日 星期三
B4L3 What Is the Story behind the Bed?
第三課 床的背後有什麼故事？
課文解析
1. People spend about one third of their lives asleep.（見第1行）
(1) spend 的句型中，spend 的受詞後面通常使用 on + N/V-ing或介詞片語，像這個句子中使用形容詞（asleep）來表狀態的情況較不常見，這個句子也可以寫成：
People spend about one third of their lives sleeping.
(1) spend 的句型如下：
spend + 金錢 + on + N 花金錢在某物或某人身上
spend + 時間 + V-ing 花時間在做某事
spend + 時間 + in/with ... 花時間在某處／與某人在一起
例：Parents nowadays spend a lot of money on their children.
The boys spent the whole afternoon hanging out at the beach.
I don’t like to spend too much time in the kitchen.
Lydia spent most of her summer vacation with her friends.
(2) 英文中「分數」的表達法是「數字＋序數」，如果數字大於1，序數要加s，例如：1/4 (one fourth)、3/8 (three eighths)、2/5 (two fifths)、7/16 (seven sixteenths)。分數加上of後就可以接名詞。
(3) 比較 asleep / sleepy / sleeping
asleep adj. 睡著了的（通常只做補語用，不可用來修飾後面的名詞），
常用詞語
fall asleep 睡著了；half asleep 半睡半醒的；sleeping bag 睡袋；sleeping pill 安眠藥；Let sleeping dogs lie.（勿打草驚蛇。）
2. We can survive longer without food than without sleep.（見第1行）
在本句中survive 是不及物動詞，survive 也有及物動詞用法：
survive + sth. 從……中逃生
survive + sb. 比某人活得久
survive on 以……過活
例：We were surprised to know that the cat had survived the earthquake.
The old lady survived her husband by five years.
Can you survive on five thousand dollars a month?
3. They laid these on the floor.（見第10行）
(1) 易與 lay 混淆的動詞如下：
lay v. [T] (laid, laid, laying) 放置；鋪設；下蛋
lie v. [I] (lay, lain, lying) 躺；位於
lie v. [I] (lied, lied, lying) 說謊
例：The carpenter laid his tools on the bench and started working.
The hen laid an egg this morning.
He’s always lying on the couch watching TV.
Their summer house lies on a hill.
It turned out that Pamela lied about her age; she’s only 17.
4. In ancient Egypt, over three thousand years ago, the pharaohs were the first to raise their beds off the floor.（見第10行）
(1) be the first to + V 第一個做某事的人
(2) 易與 raise 混淆的動詞有 rise, arise, arouse：
raise v. [T] (raised, raised) 舉起
rise v. [I] (rose, risen) 上升；增加
arise v. [I] (arose, arisen) 起源於（+ from）
arouse v. [T] (aroused, aroused) 喚醒
例：The boy raised his hand to ask the speaker a question.
Housing prices have been rising by at least 5% each year.
His fear of dogs arose from an experience of being bitten by one when he was six years old.
The teacher tried everything she could to arouse her students’ interest.
(3) off 在此為介系詞用法，表「離開某物表面」。
例：Lift your feet off the floor, so I can vacuum under your desk.
5. They slept on light beds made of wood.（見第12行）
= They slept on light beds that/which were made of wood.
(1) light adj.（重量）輕的
(2) be made of 由……製成（原料仍可辨認出來）
be made from 由……製成（原料已無法辨認出來）
例：All her furniture is made of cedar.
Beer is made from malted barley or hops.
6. The bed became a symbol of wealth.（見第18行）
= The bed symbolized wealth.
be/become a symbol of = symbolize 象徵……
例：Yellow symbolizes royalty in Chinese culture.
7. When a person stayed at a hotel for the night, he had to share a bed with strangers.（見第23行）
(1) stay ... for the night 在某處過夜
(2) share something with someone 與某人分享某物
8. If a rich person came to the hotel, the manager threw a poor traveler out of a bed to make room.（見第24行）
make room (for) 挪出空間（給）
例：Let’s take these chairs away and make room for the new TV stand.
9. After 1750, beds became beautiful pieces of furniture.（見第28行）
furniture 為不可數名詞。
10. The beds had four posts, one on each corner.（見第32行）
corner n. [C] 角落；街角
on the corner 在街角
in the corner 在（房間）角落
(just) around the corner 在附近；即將來臨
11. Beds also became higher and higher.（見第37行）
~er（比較級）and ~er（比較級）……越來越……
12. Queen Victoria slept on a bed with seven mattresses on top of each other.（見第37行）
(1) with seven mattresses on top of each other 是with + O + OC的句型，on top of each other為
13. Mattresses usually had straw on the inside (for poor people) or feathers (for the rich).（見第40行）
inside內部，裡面，可當 (名詞)，(介系詞)，(副詞)
見第55行Later, they used bottles with hot water inside.
14. After 1820, people slept on cotton mattresses with metal springs inside them.（見第40行）
(1) 是with + O + OC的句型，與重點分析12的第with的用法相同。
(2) inside 在此為介系詞用法，後面要接受詞them。
15. In England, people did not wear clothes in bed.（見第46行）
in bed（在床上），為片語用法，故不需使用（定）冠詞，同樣用法如：get out of bed（起床；下床）。
但bed 當一般名詞時則要加（定）冠詞，如 Queen Victoria slept on a bed with seven mattresses on top of each other.
16. It was only after 1890 that men started to wear pajamas.（見第49行）
= Before 1890, men did not wear pajamas.
為分裂句（cleft sentence）的句型，多用於強調它用來強調句子中的主詞、受詞、副詞片。
It is/was ____________ + 關代(如：that) + 剩下的字詞
17. One English prime minister, William Gladstone, filled his bottle with tea in case he was thirsty at night.（見第55行）
fill ... (up) with ... 在……中裝滿……
be filled with = be full of 充滿著……
fill (up) (+ with) 充滿
fill in 填滿；填（表）
fill out 填（表）
27. Then it looks a lot like a Western-style bed.（見第61行）
(1) look like「看起來像」，可以加上不同的副詞來表示不同程度的相像。
如：look very much like 看起來非常像
look almost like 看起來幾乎就是
look nothing like 看起來沒一點相像
look a bit like 看起來有一點像
(2) 形容詞＋-style表示「……風格的，……式的」
如：buffet-style dinner 歐式自助晚餐
American-style management 美式管理
Japanese-style interior design 日式裝潢
antique-style coffee table 復古式咖啡桌
28. Beds today come in every size and shape.（見第63行）
= Today, you can find beds in many different sizes and shapes.
(1) come v. [I] 有，可供購買、選擇
例：This digital camera comes in four colors.
Participants in the competition come from all ages and jobs.
A vacation in Europe doesn’t come cheap.
(2) in every size and shape有各種尺寸和形狀，常和come這個動詞連用。
課文解析
1. People spend about one third of their lives asleep.（見第1行）
(1) spend 的句型中，spend 的受詞後面通常使用 on + N/V-ing或介詞片語，像這個句子中使用形容詞（asleep）來表狀態的情況較不常見，這個句子也可以寫成：
People spend about one third of their lives sleeping.
(1) spend 的句型如下：
spend + 金錢 + on + N 花金錢在某物或某人身上
spend + 時間 + V-ing 花時間在做某事
spend + 時間 + in/with ... 花時間在某處／與某人在一起
例：Parents nowadays spend a lot of money on their children.
The boys spent the whole afternoon hanging out at the beach.
I don’t like to spend too much time in the kitchen.
Lydia spent most of her summer vacation with her friends.
(2) 英文中「分數」的表達法是「數字＋序數」，如果數字大於1，序數要加s，例如：1/4 (one fourth)、3/8 (three eighths)、2/5 (two fifths)、7/16 (seven sixteenths)。分數加上of後就可以接名詞。
(3) 比較 asleep / sleepy / sleeping
asleep adj. 睡著了的（通常只做補語用，不可用來修飾後面的名詞），
常用詞語
fall asleep 睡著了；half asleep 半睡半醒的；sleeping bag 睡袋；sleeping pill 安眠藥；Let sleeping dogs lie.（勿打草驚蛇。）
2. We can survive longer without food than without sleep.（見第1行）
在本句中survive 是不及物動詞，survive 也有及物動詞用法：
survive + sth. 從……中逃生
survive + sb. 比某人活得久
survive on 以……過活
例：We were surprised to know that the cat had survived the earthquake.
The old lady survived her husband by five years.
Can you survive on five thousand dollars a month?
3. They laid these on the floor.（見第10行）
(1) 易與 lay 混淆的動詞如下：
lay v. [T] (laid, laid, laying) 放置；鋪設；下蛋
lie v. [I] (lay, lain, lying) 躺；位於
lie v. [I] (lied, lied, lying) 說謊
例：The carpenter laid his tools on the bench and started working.
The hen laid an egg this morning.
He’s always lying on the couch watching TV.
Their summer house lies on a hill.
It turned out that Pamela lied about her age; she’s only 17.
4. In ancient Egypt, over three thousand years ago, the pharaohs were the first to raise their beds off the floor.（見第10行）
(1) be the first to + V 第一個做某事的人
(2) 易與 raise 混淆的動詞有 rise, arise, arouse：
raise v. [T] (raised, raised) 舉起
rise v. [I] (rose, risen) 上升；增加
arise v. [I] (arose, arisen) 起源於（+ from）
arouse v. [T] (aroused, aroused) 喚醒
例：The boy raised his hand to ask the speaker a question.
Housing prices have been rising by at least 5% each year.
His fear of dogs arose from an experience of being bitten by one when he was six years old.
The teacher tried everything she could to arouse her students’ interest.
(3) off 在此為介系詞用法，表「離開某物表面」。
例：Lift your feet off the floor, so I can vacuum under your desk.
5. They slept on light beds made of wood.（見第12行）
= They slept on light beds that/which were made of wood.
(1) light adj.（重量）輕的
(2) be made of 由……製成（原料仍可辨認出來）
be made from 由……製成（原料已無法辨認出來）
例：All her furniture is made of cedar.
Beer is made from malted barley or hops.
6. The bed became a symbol of wealth.（見第18行）
= The bed symbolized wealth.
be/become a symbol of = symbolize 象徵……
例：Yellow symbolizes royalty in Chinese culture.
7. When a person stayed at a hotel for the night, he had to share a bed with strangers.（見第23行）
(1) stay ... for the night 在某處過夜
(2) share something with someone 與某人分享某物
8. If a rich person came to the hotel, the manager threw a poor traveler out of a bed to make room.（見第24行）
make room (for) 挪出空間（給）
例：Let’s take these chairs away and make room for the new TV stand.
9. After 1750, beds became beautiful pieces of furniture.（見第28行）
furniture 為不可數名詞。
10. The beds had four posts, one on each corner.（見第32行）
corner n. [C] 角落；街角
on the corner 在街角
in the corner 在（房間）角落
(just) around the corner 在附近；即將來臨
11. Beds also became higher and higher.（見第37行）
~er（比較級）and ~er（比較級）……越來越……
12. Queen Victoria slept on a bed with seven mattresses on top of each other.（見第37行）
(1) with seven mattresses on top of each other 是with + O + OC的句型，on top of each other為
13. Mattresses usually had straw on the inside (for poor people) or feathers (for the rich).（見第40行）
inside內部，裡面，可當 (名詞)，(介系詞)，(副詞)
見第55行Later, they used bottles with hot water inside.
14. After 1820, people slept on cotton mattresses with metal springs inside them.（見第40行）
(1) 是with + O + OC的句型，與重點分析12的第with的用法相同。
(2) inside 在此為介系詞用法，後面要接受詞them。
15. In England, people did not wear clothes in bed.（見第46行）
in bed（在床上），為片語用法，故不需使用（定）冠詞，同樣用法如：get out of bed（起床；下床）。
但bed 當一般名詞時則要加（定）冠詞，如 Queen Victoria slept on a bed with seven mattresses on top of each other.
16. It was only after 1890 that men started to wear pajamas.（見第49行）
= Before 1890, men did not wear pajamas.
為分裂句（cleft sentence）的句型，多用於強調它用來強調句子中的主詞、受詞、副詞片。
It is/was ____________ + 關代(如：that) + 剩下的字詞
17. One English prime minister, William Gladstone, filled his bottle with tea in case he was thirsty at night.（見第55行）
fill ... (up) with ... 在……中裝滿……
be filled with = be full of 充滿著……
fill (up) (+ with) 充滿
fill in 填滿；填（表）
fill out 填（表）
27. Then it looks a lot like a Western-style bed.（見第61行）
(1) look like「看起來像」，可以加上不同的副詞來表示不同程度的相像。
如：look very much like 看起來非常像
look almost like 看起來幾乎就是
look nothing like 看起來沒一點相像
look a bit like 看起來有一點像
(2) 形容詞＋-style表示「……風格的，……式的」
如：buffet-style dinner 歐式自助晚餐
American-style management 美式管理
Japanese-style interior design 日式裝潢
antique-style coffee table 復古式咖啡桌
28. Beds today come in every size and shape.（見第63行）
= Today, you can find beds in many different sizes and shapes.
(1) come v. [I] 有，可供購買、選擇
例：This digital camera comes in four colors.
Participants in the competition come from all ages and jobs.
A vacation in Europe doesn’t come cheap.
(2) in every size and shape有各種尺寸和形狀，常和come這個動詞連用。
2010年3月4日 星期四
B4L2 Earthships: A New Way of Building and Living
大地船屋：一種新的建築與生活方式
1. In the middle of the desert near Taos, New Mexico, visitors will find a number of very odd-looking houses. （見第1行）
(1) a number of + 複數可數名詞 = several 一些
(2) an amount of + 單數不可數名詞 = some 一些
(3) a great number of 複數可數名詞= many 很多
(4) a great deal of 單數不可數名詞 = much 很多
且在number/amount前面常加上形容詞如large、small、increasing/growing等。
2. Reynolds built the first such homes in Taos, but since then his designs have been used in many other locations, including Mexico, Europe, and Japan.（見第25行）
(1) since + 過去時間點／過去式子句；for + 一段時間：
3. The earth must be pounded until it is very hard in order to make the walls stable.（見第33行）
(1) ... until ... = ... till ... 直到…. 直到….（動作持續到某點結束）
I slept until eight o’clock this morning.
I waited for you until nine o’clock last night
(2) not ... until ... 一直到…..才…..（動作到某點開始）
I did not get up until eight o’clock this morning.
I didn’t leave until nine o’clock last night.
4. The people who live in Earthships seem to be very happy with their lifestyle.（見第54行）
S + seem (to be) + adj. S + seem + to V } 似乎
It seems that + S + V ....
例：It seems that Joe is not very happy about the decision.
= Joe doesn’t seem (to be) very happy about the decision.
5. Many also get a great sense of satisfaction from using their own hands to help build the house.（見第57行）
a sense of satisfaction 滿足感
a sense of achievement/fulfillment 成就感
a sense of humor 幽默感
a sense of security 安全感
a sense of direction 方向感
6. Most important of all, they know that their homes do little damage to the environment.（見第58行）
... their homes cause little harm to the environment.
do damage/harm/good/wonders to ... 對….造成損害／..傷害／..有益／…有奇效
Vocabulary
1. desert n. [C, U] 沙漠 幾大常見沙漠介紹：
the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠。
the Gobi Desert 戈壁沙漠。
2. relatively adv. 相對地；相當
relative adj. 相對的；與……有關係的
relative n. [C] 親戚 relate v. [T] 有關聯
relation n. [U] 關聯； [usu. pl.]（國家，團體，人等之間的）關係、往來
relationship n. [U, C] 關聯；人際關係，親屬關係，姻親關係
diplomatic/international/public relations 外交／國際／公共關係
family/interpersonal relationships 家庭／人際關係
3. recyclable adj. 可回收利用的
recycle v. [T] 再利用
recycled adj. 再生的
recycling n. [U] （資源，垃圾）回收利用
e.g.
Newspapers, books and magazines are recyclable materials.
Japanese people recycle more than half of their waste paper.
This booklet is made of recycled paper.
The recycling truck comes twice a week.
4. solar adj. 利用太陽光的；太陽的
solar energy 太陽能
solar system 太陽系
solar eclipse 日蝕
solar calendar 陽曆
【補充】 lunar adj. 月亮的
lunar eclipse 月蝕
lunar calendar 農曆
5. air-conditioning n. [U] 空氣調節
air conditioner n. [C] 冷氣機
air-conditioned adj. 有空調冷氣的
e.g. It was too hot outside, but now it’s too cold in this air-conditioned theater!
6. atmosphere n. [U] [usu. sing.] 氣氛
congenial/cozy/relaxed/stifling/hostile/tense atmosphere 友善的／舒適的／悠閒的／令人窒息的／有敵意的／緊張的氣氛
the atmosphere 大氣
7. satisfaction n. [U] 滿意；滿足
satisfy v. [T] 使滿意；使滿足
satisfied adj. 感到滿意的
satisfying adj. 令人滿意的
satisfactory adj. 滿意的
e.g.
I derive great satisfaction from helping Mom with the household chores.
I don’t believe your answer will satisfy her. She will want to know more.
Your parents will be very satisfied with your progress.
Go home and tell them how much you’ve improved.
The results turned out to be very satisfying.
The committee members came up with several satisfactory solutions to the problem.
8. damage n. [U] v. [T] 傷害 【類似字】
injure v. [T] 受傷（身體的）；
injury n. [U, C] 傷害（身體的）
hurt v. [T, I] 受傷（身體與心理的）；
hurt n. [U, C] 傷害（心理的）
wound v. [T] 受傷（用武器造成的）；
wound n. [C] 傷口（用武器造成的）
9. spaceship n. [C] 太空船 ( = spacecraft) (space)
shuttle 太空梭；
satellite 人造衛星；
space station 太空站；
rocket 火箭；probe 探測器
10. stream in （ 光等）射進（某處）
stream v. [I, T] 流，流出；魚貫走（進，出）；（頭髮）飄揚
stream n. [C] 水流；流動
a stream of tears 一串串的淚水
stream of consciousness 意識流
an endless stream of cars 川流不息的車潮
比較：
一大批，大量[(+of)] He received a flood of grateful letters. 他收到大量表示感謝的信件。
充滿，充斥[(+with)] Their bedroom was flooded with sunshine. 他們的臥室充滿陽光。
1. In the middle of the desert near Taos, New Mexico, visitors will find a number of very odd-looking houses. （見第1行）
(1) a number of + 複數可數名詞 = several 一些
(2) an amount of + 單數不可數名詞 = some 一些
(3) a great number of 複數可數名詞= many 很多
(4) a great deal of 單數不可數名詞 = much 很多
且在number/amount前面常加上形容詞如large、small、increasing/growing等。
2. Reynolds built the first such homes in Taos, but since then his designs have been used in many other locations, including Mexico, Europe, and Japan.（見第25行）
(1) since + 過去時間點／過去式子句；for + 一段時間：
3. The earth must be pounded until it is very hard in order to make the walls stable.（見第33行）
(1) ... until ... = ... till ... 直到…. 直到….（動作持續到某點結束）
I slept until eight o’clock this morning.
I waited for you until nine o’clock last night
(2) not ... until ... 一直到…..才…..（動作到某點開始）
I did not get up until eight o’clock this morning.
I didn’t leave until nine o’clock last night.
4. The people who live in Earthships seem to be very happy with their lifestyle.（見第54行）
S + seem (to be) + adj. S + seem + to V } 似乎
It seems that + S + V ....
例：It seems that Joe is not very happy about the decision.
= Joe doesn’t seem (to be) very happy about the decision.
5. Many also get a great sense of satisfaction from using their own hands to help build the house.（見第57行）
a sense of satisfaction 滿足感
a sense of achievement/fulfillment 成就感
a sense of humor 幽默感
a sense of security 安全感
a sense of direction 方向感
6. Most important of all, they know that their homes do little damage to the environment.（見第58行）
... their homes cause little harm to the environment.
do damage/harm/good/wonders to ... 對….造成損害／..傷害／..有益／…有奇效
Vocabulary
1. desert n. [C, U] 沙漠 幾大常見沙漠介紹：
the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠。
the Gobi Desert 戈壁沙漠。
2. relatively adv. 相對地；相當
relative adj. 相對的；與……有關係的
relative n. [C] 親戚 relate v. [T] 有關聯
relation n. [U] 關聯； [usu. pl.]（國家，團體，人等之間的）關係、往來
relationship n. [U, C] 關聯；人際關係，親屬關係，姻親關係
diplomatic/international/public relations 外交／國際／公共關係
family/interpersonal relationships 家庭／人際關係
3. recyclable adj. 可回收利用的
recycle v. [T] 再利用
recycled adj. 再生的
recycling n. [U] （資源，垃圾）回收利用
e.g.
Newspapers, books and magazines are recyclable materials.
Japanese people recycle more than half of their waste paper.
This booklet is made of recycled paper.
The recycling truck comes twice a week.
4. solar adj. 利用太陽光的；太陽的
solar energy 太陽能
solar system 太陽系
solar eclipse 日蝕
solar calendar 陽曆
【補充】 lunar adj. 月亮的
lunar eclipse 月蝕
lunar calendar 農曆
5. air-conditioning n. [U] 空氣調節
air conditioner n. [C] 冷氣機
air-conditioned adj. 有空調冷氣的
e.g. It was too hot outside, but now it’s too cold in this air-conditioned theater!
6. atmosphere n. [U] [usu. sing.] 氣氛
congenial/cozy/relaxed/stifling/hostile/tense atmosphere 友善的／舒適的／悠閒的／令人窒息的／有敵意的／緊張的氣氛
the atmosphere 大氣
7. satisfaction n. [U] 滿意；滿足
satisfy v. [T] 使滿意；使滿足
satisfied adj. 感到滿意的
satisfying adj. 令人滿意的
satisfactory adj. 滿意的
e.g.
I derive great satisfaction from helping Mom with the household chores.
I don’t believe your answer will satisfy her. She will want to know more.
Your parents will be very satisfied with your progress.
Go home and tell them how much you’ve improved.
The results turned out to be very satisfying.
The committee members came up with several satisfactory solutions to the problem.
8. damage n. [U] v. [T] 傷害 【類似字】
injure v. [T] 受傷（身體的）；
injury n. [U, C] 傷害（身體的）
hurt v. [T, I] 受傷（身體與心理的）；
hurt n. [U, C] 傷害（心理的）
wound v. [T] 受傷（用武器造成的）；
wound n. [C] 傷口（用武器造成的）
9. spaceship n. [C] 太空船 ( = spacecraft) (space)
shuttle 太空梭；
satellite 人造衛星；
space station 太空站；
rocket 火箭；probe 探測器
10. stream in （ 光等）射進（某處）
stream v. [I, T] 流，流出；魚貫走（進，出）；（頭髮）飄揚
stream n. [C] 水流；流動
a stream of tears 一串串的淚水
stream of consciousness 意識流
an endless stream of cars 川流不息的車潮
比較：
一大批，大量[(+of)] He received a flood of grateful letters. 他收到大量表示感謝的信件。
充滿，充斥[(+with)] Their bedroom was flooded with sunshine. 他們的臥室充滿陽光。
2010年3月2日 星期二
The Adjectives Used to Modify "Resemblance"
little resemblance (57)
slight resemblance (9)
great resemblance (9)
obvious resemblance (7)
remarkable resemblance (9)
striking resemblance (37)
strong resemblance (27)
close resemblance (35)
general resemblance (5)
much resemblance (6)
No "Very"
source: http://193.133.140.102/JustTheWord/
slight resemblance (9)
great resemblance (9)
obvious resemblance (7)
remarkable resemblance (9)
striking resemblance (37)
strong resemblance (27)
close resemblance (35)
general resemblance (5)
much resemblance (6)
No "Very"
source: http://193.133.140.102/JustTheWord/
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