B1-3/B3-8/B3-10 分詞構句

I. 句型： S + V ..., V-ing ....

1. 分詞構句可置於主要子句前、中、後，但皆須以逗號隔開。它是以一個現在分詞或過去分詞取代「連接詞+主詞+動詞」的用法，是由以連接詞為首的子句簡化而來。

例：Seeing her mother, the little girl stopped crying.
　　Ted, feeling uneasy, quickly said goodbye and left.
　　He burst out laughing in class, still holding the comic book in his hands.

2. 子句改為分詞構句的方法：

J. K. Rowling was a single mother, and she lived in a small apartment with her baby daughter.
→ J. K. Rowling was a single mother, living in a small apartment with her baby daughter.

(1) 先將引導對等或附屬子句的連接詞去掉。
(2) 該子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，把子句中的主詞去掉；若不同則保留。
例：The sun having set, we decided to go home.

(3) 任何動詞均改為現在分詞，be動詞可予省略。
例：The students were excited, and they were waiting for their new teacher to come.
　　→ The students were excited, waiting for their new teacher to come.

(4) 分詞為being或having been時可省略。
例：(Being) discouraged and disappointed, they went home without a word.

(5) 遇到否定詞如not或never則放在分詞之前。
例：Not knowing what to do, the girl sat down and cried.

3. 分詞構句可由上下文判斷出不同的意義：

(1) 表時間
Hearing the news, we all shouted for joy.
= When we heard the news, we all shouted for joy.

(2) 表原因理由
Being sick, I decided not to go to school yesterday.
= Because I was sick, I decided not to go to school yesterday.

(3) 表條件
Exercising every morning, you will improve your health.
= If you exercise every morning, you will improve your health.

(4) 表讓步 (結果與一般推論不符)
Having been insulted, he still kept silent.
= Although he had been insulted, he still kept silent.

(5) 表連續或附帶的狀態
She wrote him a letter, thanking him for his help.
= She wrote him a letter and thanked him for his help.