I. Vocabulary
1. agnoy--> agonize (v)
*an agonizing choice 痛苦的選擇
* in agony 痛苦
*in an agony of... .....的痛苦
2. Sth. claw (s/ed) one's mind ......充滿了某人心中
3. Sb + be overwhelmed by Sth. 令......不勝唏噓
4. ordinary vs. extraordinary
5. as sb a favor = do a favor for sb.
* in facor of sth. = support sth.
6. blood type; blood transfusion; blood pressure
7. bury one's face in one's hands; bury one's face in a pillow
8. at the thought of
* come up with
* on second thought
9. be in charge of sth. *take charge of sth. *take over
10. in a daze
*doze off
*absent-minded (adj)
II. Grammar Focus
A.
1. How S1 wish S2 + V(ed)/were ....
此句型為一種假設法句型，意思為「多麼／真希望……」。
若希望現在或未來是如何如何(此願望通常不容易或不可能實現)，則為「與現在事實相反」假設語句。
wish 後子句的動詞若為 be-V 要用 were 來表達，若為一般動詞，則要用過去式來表達。
例：How I wish he were here now.
How I wish I could go to the party.
2. How + S1 + wish + S2 + had + p.p. ....
若希望過去是如何如何，則為表「與過去事實相反」。
wish 後子句的動詞要用過去完成式（即had + p.p.）來表達。
例：How I wish I had been at Robert's birthday party yesterday.
【說明】
wish的用法：
1. wish常與假設語氣連用 (a) 表示現在或未來不可能實現的願望，動詞用簡單過去式 (b) 表示與過去事實相反的願望，動詞用 過去完成式
2. 表示祝福。
3. 表示未來可能實現的願望，則改用hope。
例：I wish I were a millionaire so that I could live in ease and comfort.
Mary wishes she had a house of her own because she is tired of living with her parents.
My date with Jenny was such a disaster that I wish I hadn't asked her out in the first place.
比較：
I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy New Year!
I hope you can come and visit me sometime in the future.
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補充：
1.和現在事實相反的假設句型：
If+S+過去式V(be動詞一律改為were), S+過去式助動詞(would,could,might)+V
例句：If I were you,I would take his advice.
2.和過去事實相反的假設句型：
If S + had + Vpp, S + would have/could have/might + have+ Vpp
例句：If it had been for the rain,we could have gone on a picnic.
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B.
S + V~, too.--> So + 助動詞/be + S.
S + 助動詞/be + not ~, either. --> Neither + 助動詞/be + S
either 用在否定句，表「也不」，放在句尾，為副詞。
肯定句則用 too 表「也」，亦是放在句尾。
neither 本身就是否定字，亦是表「也不」，因此它出現的句子為否定句，用此字時，句子要倒裝。
so 用在肯定句，表達「也」的意思，句子要倒裝。
例：I'm not a student, and Thomas isn't, either.
= I'm not a student, and neither is Thomas.
I enjoy playing basketball, and Jason does, too.
= I enjoy playing basketball, and so does Jason.
2009年12月27日 星期日
2009年12月24日 星期四
2009年12月23日 星期三
B1-3/B3-8/B3-10 分詞構句
I. 句型： S + V ..., V-ing ....
1. 分詞構句可置於主要子句前、中、後，但皆須以逗號隔開。它是以一個現在分詞或過去分詞取代「連接詞+主詞+動詞」的用法，是由以連接詞為首的子句簡化而來。
例：Seeing her mother, the little girl stopped crying.
Ted, feeling uneasy, quickly said goodbye and left.
He burst out laughing in class, still holding the comic book in his hands.
2. 子句改為分詞構句的方法：
J. K. Rowling was a single mother, and she lived in a small apartment with her baby daughter.
→ J. K. Rowling was a single mother, living in a small apartment with her baby daughter.
(1) 先將引導對等或附屬子句的連接詞去掉。
(2) 該子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，把子句中的主詞去掉；若不同則保留。
例：The sun having set, we decided to go home.
(3) 任何動詞均改為現在分詞，be動詞可予省略。
例：The students were excited, and they were waiting for their new teacher to come.
→ The students were excited, waiting for their new teacher to come.
(4) 分詞為being或having been時可省略。
例：(Being) discouraged and disappointed, they went home without a word.
(5) 遇到否定詞如not或never則放在分詞之前。
例：Not knowing what to do, the girl sat down and cried.
3. 分詞構句可由上下文判斷出不同的意義：
(1) 表時間
Hearing the news, we all shouted for joy.
= When we heard the news, we all shouted for joy.
(2) 表原因理由
Being sick, I decided not to go to school yesterday.
= Because I was sick, I decided not to go to school yesterday.
(3) 表條件
Exercising every morning, you will improve your health.
= If you exercise every morning, you will improve your health.
(4) 表讓步 (結果與一般推論不符)
Having been insulted, he still kept silent.
= Although he had been insulted, he still kept silent.
(5) 表連續或附帶的狀態
She wrote him a letter, thanking him for his help.
= She wrote him a letter and thanked him for his help.
1. 分詞構句可置於主要子句前、中、後，但皆須以逗號隔開。它是以一個現在分詞或過去分詞取代「連接詞+主詞+動詞」的用法，是由以連接詞為首的子句簡化而來。
例：Seeing her mother, the little girl stopped crying.
Ted, feeling uneasy, quickly said goodbye and left.
He burst out laughing in class, still holding the comic book in his hands.
2. 子句改為分詞構句的方法：
J. K. Rowling was a single mother, and she lived in a small apartment with her baby daughter.
→ J. K. Rowling was a single mother, living in a small apartment with her baby daughter.
(1) 先將引導對等或附屬子句的連接詞去掉。
(2) 該子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，把子句中的主詞去掉；若不同則保留。
例：The sun having set, we decided to go home.
(3) 任何動詞均改為現在分詞，be動詞可予省略。
例：The students were excited, and they were waiting for their new teacher to come.
→ The students were excited, waiting for their new teacher to come.
(4) 分詞為being或having been時可省略。
例：(Being) discouraged and disappointed, they went home without a word.
(5) 遇到否定詞如not或never則放在分詞之前。
例：Not knowing what to do, the girl sat down and cried.
3. 分詞構句可由上下文判斷出不同的意義：
(1) 表時間
Hearing the news, we all shouted for joy.
= When we heard the news, we all shouted for joy.
(2) 表原因理由
Being sick, I decided not to go to school yesterday.
= Because I was sick, I decided not to go to school yesterday.
(3) 表條件
Exercising every morning, you will improve your health.
= If you exercise every morning, you will improve your health.
(4) 表讓步 (結果與一般推論不符)
Having been insulted, he still kept silent.
= Although he had been insulted, he still kept silent.
(5) 表連續或附帶的狀態
She wrote him a letter, thanking him for his help.
= She wrote him a letter and thanked him for his help.
比較 likely/ possible/ probable用法
三個字都是表達一種「可能性」的概念
likely (adj, adv): describes something that will probably happen or is expected
possible (adj): able to be done or achieved, or able to exist
probable (adj): likely to be true or likely to happen
說明：
(1) likely是代表一種期望的「預測性的可能」。後面可加不定詞片語(to V片)或that子句(that S' +V')，也可以用 very 修飾。
a. 人/事物 be (very) likely to V~
b. It is likely that S (will) V~
(2) possible推測一做件事情或一個情況，不用來修飾人，故寫成：
It is possible for 人to V~
It is possible that S' + V'~
(3) probable和 likely比起來可能性較大，但是在用法上和 likely 的最大不同是後面只能加that子句，不可以加不定詞片語。多半用於肯定句。
It is probable that S (will) V~
練習：
1. Remember to remind me because I'm likely to forget.
2. I suppose that might happen but it's not very likely.
3. It's quite likely that we'll be in Spain this time next year.
4. "Do you want to join me on a ten-mile run?" "Not likely (= certainly not)!" (informal usage)
5. The probable cause of death was heart failure.
6. An election in June seems increasingly probable.
7. It is probable that share prices will fall still further.
8. Is it possible to buy tickets in advance?
9. We need to send that letter off as soon as possible.
10. I'll do everything possible to help you.
likely (adj, adv): describes something that will probably happen or is expected
possible (adj): able to be done or achieved, or able to exist
probable (adj): likely to be true or likely to happen
說明：
(1) likely是代表一種期望的「預測性的可能」。後面可加不定詞片語(to V片)或that子句(that S' +V')，也可以用 very 修飾。
a. 人/事物 be (very) likely to V~
b. It is likely that S (will) V~
(2) possible推測一做件事情或一個情況，不用來修飾人，故寫成：
It is possible for 人to V~
It is possible that S' + V'~
(3) probable和 likely比起來可能性較大，但是在用法上和 likely 的最大不同是後面只能加that子句，不可以加不定詞片語。多半用於肯定句。
It is probable that S (will) V~
練習：
1. Remember to remind me because I'm likely to forget.
2. I suppose that might happen but it's not very likely.
3. It's quite likely that we'll be in Spain this time next year.
4. "Do you want to join me on a ten-mile run?" "Not likely (= certainly not)!" (informal usage)
5. The probable cause of death was heart failure.
6. An election in June seems increasingly probable.
7. It is probable that share prices will fall still further.
8. Is it possible to buy tickets in advance?
9. We need to send that letter off as soon as possible.
10. I'll do everything possible to help you.
2009年12月18日 星期五
Les Miserables by Victor Hugo
Victor Hugo's Works:
Victor Hugo (1802-1885) (雨果) is a novelist, poet, and dramatist. He is one of the most important of French Romantic writers. Among his best-known works are The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831) (鐘樓怪人) and Les Misérables (1862) (悲慘世界).
You may read the novels here: http://www.online-literature.com/victor_hugo/
Enjoy it!
Assignment:
Write a book review.
reference: http://teacher.scholastic.com/writewit/bookrev/
2009年12月17日 星期四
2009年12月16日 星期三
高職組線上徵文評比賽
2009-12-0198年12月份高職組線上徵文評比開始徵稿高中職寫作學習網站「線上徵文評比」高職組徵文啟事
一、宗旨
為培養學生自發學習寫作的興趣，特舉辦線上徵文評比活動，以互相觀摩，提升學生的寫作能力。
二、徵文對象
(一)對象：全國高職學生。
(二)建議：為求各校學生機會公平，每月徵稿同一班級至多接受兩人稿件。
三、徵文辦法
(一)辦理時間：98年3月、4月、5月、9月、10月、11月、12月共七次。
(二)由具有豐富教學經驗的老師組成命題及閱卷小組，以一個月為一期，擬定徵文題目，徵求學生習作。
(三)依投稿的先後次序，錄取前50篇作品，進行批改評分，並依作品內容，擇優選出前五名給予獎勵。
Detail: http://chincenter.fg.tp.edu.tw/~writing/news.php?id=1224830768&PHPSESSID=644e389e3129f45e1158d4093093222d
一、宗旨
為培養學生自發學習寫作的興趣，特舉辦線上徵文評比活動，以互相觀摩，提升學生的寫作能力。
二、徵文對象
(一)對象：全國高職學生。
(二)建議：為求各校學生機會公平，每月徵稿同一班級至多接受兩人稿件。
三、徵文辦法
(一)辦理時間：98年3月、4月、5月、9月、10月、11月、12月共七次。
(二)由具有豐富教學經驗的老師組成命題及閱卷小組，以一個月為一期，擬定徵文題目，徵求學生習作。
(三)依投稿的先後次序，錄取前50篇作品，進行批改評分，並依作品內容，擇優選出前五名給予獎勵。
Detail: http://chincenter.fg.tp.edu.tw/~writing/news.php?id=1224830768&PHPSESSID=644e389e3129f45e1158d4093093222d
2009年12月15日 星期二
L10 Has the Cat Got Your Tongue?
先備知識
據說在古代有犯人因某種原因被處以割舌刑，割下來的舌頭常會被拿去餵國王的寵物—貓。這就是Cat got your tongue. 的由來。
在現在通常用來說一個人因為不高興、腦筋一片空白說不出話來或是講話結結巴巴的樣子。此時被說：Has the cat got your tongue?/Cat got your tongue?
課文重點分析
1. It’s a classic image---a child hiding her head in her mother’s skirts when she meets a stranger, or a student blushing and stammering when the teacher asks his name.（見第1行）
用分詞來代替形容詞子句中的關係代名詞＋動詞時，主動用現在分詞，被動用過去分詞。
The children studying (= who study) at this school are all from wealthy families.
All the proposals submitted (= that/which were submitted) will be considered.
2. The person must be shy.（見第3行） must是助動詞，must +動詞原形：對「現在」肯定的推測。 例：Barbara hasn’t eaten in twelve hours---she must be starving.
3. Shyness probably affects 40 to 50 percent of all people in North America.（見第5行）
不可數／單數名詞＋單數動詞 數字＋percent of＋表單數的集合名詞＋單數動詞 複數名詞＋複數動詞
Thirty percent of my income comes from stocks and shares.
In Taiwan, 48 percent of the labor force is female.
Research shows that 60 percent of online game players are male.
4. One well-known talk-show host, whose show is watched by millions of viewers, has to plan performances down to the last detail---in order to appear spontaneous.（見第19行）
(1) well-known: famous; renowned; noted; celebrated 著名的 「副詞＋過去分詞」是複合形容詞的組合方式之一，而「well-過去分詞」更是其中很常見的一種，例如： well-behaved 行為端正的， 穛{優良的 well-built 體格健美的 well-dressed 穿著時髦的 well-educated 受過良好教育的 well-preserved 保存良好的
5. If you smile and show you’re interested, people will respond and conversation will be easier.（見第54行）
條件句講述有可能發生的未來，if子句用現在式，主要子句用未來式。
例：If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train.
John will go to the concert if he can get a ticket.
Will you go to the party if they invite you?
Vocabulary
1. blush with 因……而臉紅；blush at sth. 對……臉紅
例：Did I say something that embarrassed you? You’ve blushing.
Whenever he sees his dream girl, Gordon blushes with shyness.
The little girl blushed in shame at the lie she told.
3. in private 私底下 private school 私立學校 private enterprise/company 私人企業 private detective/investigator 私家偵探 private property 私人產業 private life 私生活
4. self-confident adj. 自信的 confidential adj. 機密的 be confident of 對……有信心的 have confidence in 對……有信心
例：If you lack confidence in yourself, you are not likely to succeed.
I don’t like his arrogantly self-confident manner.
To access any confidential files, you need a password.
We are confident of the expert’s ability to solve the crime.
6. be visible to the naked eye 肉眼可見的 tunnel vision 狹隘的思想，目光如豆
7. 【補充】 通常某種學問字尾改為ist就會變成「……學家」，例如： biology（生物學）→ biologist（生物學家） chemistry（化學）→ chemist（化學家） archaeology（考古學）→ archaeologist（考古學家） entomology（昆蟲學）→ entomologist（昆蟲學家） physics（物理學）→ physicist（物理學家） 不過，例外的有： philosophy（哲學）→ philosopher（哲學家） history（歷史）→ historian（歷史學家）
12. play host to 主辦…… host nation 主辦國 host family（提供外國留學生食宿的）寄宿家庭
16. 【補充】 下面這些形容詞都可以拿來形容一個人的個性： introverted 內向的 lively 活潑的 stubborn 頑固的 cunning 狡猾的 optimistic 樂觀的 pessimistic 悲觀的 easygoing 隨遇而安的 humorous 幽默的 gentle 溫文儒雅的 impulsive 衝動的 nosy 愛管閒事的 conservative 保守的 snobbish 傲慢的 sensitive 敏感的 childish 幼稚的 greedy 貪心的
18. figure n. [C] 人物；人影；（圖畫或故事中的）角色；（尤指女性的）身材；數字 figure v. [T] 估量；猜想；計算 political/leading/central/public figure 政治人物／領導人物／核心人物／公眾人物 figure on (doing) sth. 打算…… figure out 想出，理解；算出
22. encounter v. [T] 遭遇（多半指壞事）（【同】meet with, run into）；偶遇，邂逅（尤指陌生的人、事、物）（【同】come across）
23. inheritance n. [U, C] 繼承；遺傳；遺產 inheritor n. [C] 繼承人（【同】heir）
27. financial/economic/political/family crisis 金融危機／經濟危機／政治危機／家庭危機 crisis management 危機處理 midlife crisis (mid-life crisis) 中年危機
28. be confronted with/by sth. 面臨……，遇上……
例：People usually feel anxious when they are confronted with news of an accident.
課外閱讀
Building Your Confidence!
If you are shy, it can be hard to act more confidently, but you might find that, if you give these ideas a go, being around other people can be more fun. Make friends. If you have problems making friends, look at our topics on “Making friends” for some good ideas. Remember, other people like having friends, and if they are a bit shy too, they might be really happy that you want to be friends with them. Practice skills like ball skills, skipping, running, bike riding, or playing computer games, so that you can get some confidence. This will help you to join in conversations, It will also give you something to talk about. Build up your self-esteem. Our topics on “Self-esteem” and “Resilience” have ideas to help you. Practice in front of the mirror and in front of your family if you have to give a talk at school. Make a plan of what you want to say, then write key words onto cards so that you can remember what to say. Smile at people and encourage them and they will encourage you in return. Give compliments, such as “You gave a good talk, ”or “I think you are a good runner,” and people will want to encourage you, too. Look for other shy kids and tell them that you are feeling a bit shy. Tell your teacher if you are really scared to talk, and she will help you to try and to develop your confidence. Realize that everyone feels shy sometimes, but watching others do things is not half as much fun as having a go yourself. Once you start to get over your shyness, you will quickly become much more confident.
（以上選文選自Kids?Health網站http://www.cyh.com/ HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=287&id=2285）
Questions:
1. What is the article about?
2. What does the author suggest?
據說在古代有犯人因某種原因被處以割舌刑，割下來的舌頭常會被拿去餵國王的寵物—貓。這就是Cat got your tongue. 的由來。
在現在通常用來說一個人因為不高興、腦筋一片空白說不出話來或是講話結結巴巴的樣子。此時被說：Has the cat got your tongue?/Cat got your tongue?
課文重點分析
1. It’s a classic image---a child hiding her head in her mother’s skirts when she meets a stranger, or a student blushing and stammering when the teacher asks his name.（見第1行）
用分詞來代替形容詞子句中的關係代名詞＋動詞時，主動用現在分詞，被動用過去分詞。
The children studying (= who study) at this school are all from wealthy families.
All the proposals submitted (= that/which were submitted) will be considered.
2. The person must be shy.（見第3行） must是助動詞，must +動詞原形：對「現在」肯定的推測。 例：Barbara hasn’t eaten in twelve hours---she must be starving.
3. Shyness probably affects 40 to 50 percent of all people in North America.（見第5行）
不可數／單數名詞＋單數動詞 數字＋percent of＋表單數的集合名詞＋單數動詞 複數名詞＋複數動詞
Thirty percent of my income comes from stocks and shares.
In Taiwan, 48 percent of the labor force is female.
Research shows that 60 percent of online game players are male.
4. One well-known talk-show host, whose show is watched by millions of viewers, has to plan performances down to the last detail---in order to appear spontaneous.（見第19行）
(1) well-known: famous; renowned; noted; celebrated 著名的 「副詞＋過去分詞」是複合形容詞的組合方式之一，而「well-過去分詞」更是其中很常見的一種，例如： well-behaved 行為端正的， 穛{優良的 well-built 體格健美的 well-dressed 穿著時髦的 well-educated 受過良好教育的 well-preserved 保存良好的
5. If you smile and show you’re interested, people will respond and conversation will be easier.（見第54行）
條件句講述有可能發生的未來，if子句用現在式，主要子句用未來式。
例：If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train.
John will go to the concert if he can get a ticket.
Will you go to the party if they invite you?
Vocabulary
1. blush with 因……而臉紅；blush at sth. 對……臉紅
例：Did I say something that embarrassed you? You’ve blushing.
Whenever he sees his dream girl, Gordon blushes with shyness.
The little girl blushed in shame at the lie she told.
3. in private 私底下 private school 私立學校 private enterprise/company 私人企業 private detective/investigator 私家偵探 private property 私人產業 private life 私生活
4. self-confident adj. 自信的 confidential adj. 機密的 be confident of 對……有信心的 have confidence in 對……有信心
例：If you lack confidence in yourself, you are not likely to succeed.
I don’t like his arrogantly self-confident manner.
To access any confidential files, you need a password.
We are confident of the expert’s ability to solve the crime.
6. be visible to the naked eye 肉眼可見的 tunnel vision 狹隘的思想，目光如豆
7. 【補充】 通常某種學問字尾改為ist就會變成「……學家」，例如： biology（生物學）→ biologist（生物學家） chemistry（化學）→ chemist（化學家） archaeology（考古學）→ archaeologist（考古學家） entomology（昆蟲學）→ entomologist（昆蟲學家） physics（物理學）→ physicist（物理學家） 不過，例外的有： philosophy（哲學）→ philosopher（哲學家） history（歷史）→ historian（歷史學家）
12. play host to 主辦…… host nation 主辦國 host family（提供外國留學生食宿的）寄宿家庭
16. 【補充】 下面這些形容詞都可以拿來形容一個人的個性： introverted 內向的 lively 活潑的 stubborn 頑固的 cunning 狡猾的 optimistic 樂觀的 pessimistic 悲觀的 easygoing 隨遇而安的 humorous 幽默的 gentle 溫文儒雅的 impulsive 衝動的 nosy 愛管閒事的 conservative 保守的 snobbish 傲慢的 sensitive 敏感的 childish 幼稚的 greedy 貪心的
18. figure n. [C] 人物；人影；（圖畫或故事中的）角色；（尤指女性的）身材；數字 figure v. [T] 估量；猜想；計算 political/leading/central/public figure 政治人物／領導人物／核心人物／公眾人物 figure on (doing) sth. 打算…… figure out 想出，理解；算出
22. encounter v. [T] 遭遇（多半指壞事）（【同】meet with, run into）；偶遇，邂逅（尤指陌生的人、事、物）（【同】come across）
23. inheritance n. [U, C] 繼承；遺傳；遺產 inheritor n. [C] 繼承人（【同】heir）
27. financial/economic/political/family crisis 金融危機／經濟危機／政治危機／家庭危機 crisis management 危機處理 midlife crisis (mid-life crisis) 中年危機
28. be confronted with/by sth. 面臨……，遇上……
例：People usually feel anxious when they are confronted with news of an accident.
課外閱讀
Building Your Confidence!
If you are shy, it can be hard to act more confidently, but you might find that, if you give these ideas a go, being around other people can be more fun. Make friends. If you have problems making friends, look at our topics on “Making friends” for some good ideas. Remember, other people like having friends, and if they are a bit shy too, they might be really happy that you want to be friends with them. Practice skills like ball skills, skipping, running, bike riding, or playing computer games, so that you can get some confidence. This will help you to join in conversations, It will also give you something to talk about. Build up your self-esteem. Our topics on “Self-esteem” and “Resilience” have ideas to help you. Practice in front of the mirror and in front of your family if you have to give a talk at school. Make a plan of what you want to say, then write key words onto cards so that you can remember what to say. Smile at people and encourage them and they will encourage you in return. Give compliments, such as “You gave a good talk, ”or “I think you are a good runner,” and people will want to encourage you, too. Look for other shy kids and tell them that you are feeling a bit shy. Tell your teacher if you are really scared to talk, and she will help you to try and to develop your confidence. Realize that everyone feels shy sometimes, but watching others do things is not half as much fun as having a go yourself. Once you start to get over your shyness, you will quickly become much more confident.
（以上選文選自Kids?Health網站http://www.cyh.com/ HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=287&id=2285）
Questions:
1. What is the article about?
2. What does the author suggest?
2009年12月12日 星期六
Answers to Your Grammar Questions
(B)1. Hotels are often full at this time of year. We advise _____ rooms in advance.
A. to book B. booking C. to be booking 可以選(A)嗎?
Yes. Besides, the choice A is the best answer. I do not suggest that you should choose B.
Frequency: advise to V (952,000 ) vs. advise Ving (16,600)
e.g.
I will advise you of my movements.
We would advise you to travel for the sake of your health.
(C)2. I can smell something _____ in here. Can you smell it too?
A. to be burning B. be burning C. burning 可以選(B)嗎?
No. It is similar to the usage: That she passed the exam, which made her parents proud of her. (You cannot put “be” in front of proud.)
(B)3. The evening news ______ the weather, saying that temperatures would be over 35 degrees all week.
A. warned people of B. warned people about C. warned people from 可以選(A)嗎?
No. You can say “The evening news warned people of the serious storm,” because you use “of” to refer something dangerous. The weather itself cannot be dangerous.
(A)4. The facilities are so good that guests _____ leave the hotel for anything, except sightseeing.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t 可以選(C)嗎?
No. They have the ability to leave, but they don’t and needn’t leave because of the good facilities in the hotel. Here the word “need” is used as “auxiliary (助動詞)”
(A)5. Scientists ______ the loss of communication with the satellite to be the result of computing problems.
A. believe B. explain C. complain 可以選(B)嗎?
No, but you can say “Scientists explain the loss of communication with the satellite is the result of computing problems.”
e..g. I believe him to come. (=I believe that he will come.
(B)6. It is now easy to order goods on the Internet, but the means of delivering these goods _____ to be improved.
A. have B. has C. are 可以選(A)嗎?
No. Although means can be singular or plural, but here it focuses on the way of delivering.
e.g. It is all a means to an end.
(C)7. I think ______ is the best way of waking up in the morning.
A. the cold shower B. cold shower C. cold shower cold shower 可以加the嗎?
No. It is every cold shower, not just this one or that one.
(A)8. Although hunters and birdwatchers have different motives, both groups seek the same end result _____ that is fit for wildlife.
A. a countryside B. the countryside C. countryside 可以選(B)嗎?
I don't think A is a correct answer. I am wondering whether there is something wrong with the question. You may make sure whether the question say “…seek the same end result as countryside or a countryside.”
Countryside 鄉下. [U]
A)9. He was released after four years in prison _____ he did not leave the country.
A. on condition that B. as well as C. as soon as 請問這題語意是什麼? 我可以選(C)嗎?
No. 在監獄呆了4年後，只要他沒離開國家他就可以被釋放。
on condition that 只要;以...為條件
You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow.
(C)10. ______ to change any money as US dollars are accepted in most hotels and shops.
A. There is of no need B. It is no need C. There is no need 請問(B)和(C)的差別是什麼?
A and B. wrong usages.
(C)11. Our team already has a lot more points than the other teams, so we _____ win this match to stay at the top of the league.
A. mustn't B. must C. don't need to 請問這題的語意是什麼? 我可以選(B)嗎?
No. 與其它隊相比較，我們隊已經有更多的分數， 因此我們不需要贏得這場比賽就可以待在聯賽的第一名。
(A)12. Everyone in the class, Patrick _____, did poorly in the test.
A. excepted B. except for C. except 請老師再說一次 (A)(B)(C)的差別
except (v, prep) 除去；不計；這裡當動詞的pp
In fact, you can use “excluded” instead.
You will all be punished; I can except no one.
他們全都會受罰，我不會饒過任何一個。
A. to book B. booking C. to be booking 可以選(A)嗎?
Yes. Besides, the choice A is the best answer. I do not suggest that you should choose B.
Frequency: advise to V (952,000 ) vs. advise Ving (16,600)
e.g.
I will advise you of my movements.
We would advise you to travel for the sake of your health.
(C)2. I can smell something _____ in here. Can you smell it too?
A. to be burning B. be burning C. burning 可以選(B)嗎?
No. It is similar to the usage: That she passed the exam, which made her parents proud of her. (You cannot put “be” in front of proud.)
(B)3. The evening news ______ the weather, saying that temperatures would be over 35 degrees all week.
A. warned people of B. warned people about C. warned people from 可以選(A)嗎?
No. You can say “The evening news warned people of the serious storm,” because you use “of” to refer something dangerous. The weather itself cannot be dangerous.
(A)4. The facilities are so good that guests _____ leave the hotel for anything, except sightseeing.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t 可以選(C)嗎?
No. They have the ability to leave, but they don’t and needn’t leave because of the good facilities in the hotel. Here the word “need” is used as “auxiliary (助動詞)”
(A)5. Scientists ______ the loss of communication with the satellite to be the result of computing problems.
A. believe B. explain C. complain 可以選(B)嗎?
No, but you can say “Scientists explain the loss of communication with the satellite is the result of computing problems.”
e..g. I believe him to come. (=I believe that he will come.
(B)6. It is now easy to order goods on the Internet, but the means of delivering these goods _____ to be improved.
A. have B. has C. are 可以選(A)嗎?
No. Although means can be singular or plural, but here it focuses on the way of delivering.
e.g. It is all a means to an end.
(C)7. I think ______ is the best way of waking up in the morning.
A. the cold shower B. cold shower C. cold shower cold shower 可以加the嗎?
No. It is every cold shower, not just this one or that one.
(A)8. Although hunters and birdwatchers have different motives, both groups seek the same end result _____ that is fit for wildlife.
A. a countryside B. the countryside C. countryside 可以選(B)嗎?
I don't think A is a correct answer. I am wondering whether there is something wrong with the question. You may make sure whether the question say “…seek the same end result as countryside or a countryside.”
Countryside 鄉下. [U]
A)9. He was released after four years in prison _____ he did not leave the country.
A. on condition that B. as well as C. as soon as 請問這題語意是什麼? 我可以選(C)嗎?
No. 在監獄呆了4年後，只要他沒離開國家他就可以被釋放。
on condition that 只要;以...為條件
You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow.
(C)10. ______ to change any money as US dollars are accepted in most hotels and shops.
A. There is of no need B. It is no need C. There is no need 請問(B)和(C)的差別是什麼?
A and B. wrong usages.
(C)11. Our team already has a lot more points than the other teams, so we _____ win this match to stay at the top of the league.
A. mustn't B. must C. don't need to 請問這題的語意是什麼? 我可以選(B)嗎?
No. 與其它隊相比較，我們隊已經有更多的分數， 因此我們不需要贏得這場比賽就可以待在聯賽的第一名。
(A)12. Everyone in the class, Patrick _____, did poorly in the test.
A. excepted B. except for C. except 請老師再說一次 (A)(B)(C)的差別
except (v, prep) 除去；不計；這裡當動詞的pp
In fact, you can use “excluded” instead.
You will all be punished; I can except no one.
他們全都會受罰，我不會饒過任何一個。
Questions of Grammar
(B)1. Hotels are often full at this time of year. We advise _____ rooms in advance.
A. to book B. booking C. to be booking 可以選(A)嗎?
(C)2. I can smell something _____ in here. Can you smell it too?
A. to be burning B. be burning C. burning 可以選(B)嗎?
(B)3. The evening news ______ the weather, saying that temperatures would be over 35 degrees all week.
A. warned people of B. warned people about C. warned people from 可以選(A)嗎?
(A)4. The facilities are so good that guests _____ leave the hotel for anything, except sightseeing.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t 可以選(C)嗎?
(A)5. Scientists ______ the loss of communication with the satellite to be the result of computing problems.
A. believe B. explain C. complain 可以選(B)嗎?
(B)6. It is now easy to order goods on the Internet, but the means of delivering these goods _____ to be improved.
A. have B. has C. are 可以選(A)嗎?
(C)7. I think ______ is the best way of waking up in the morning.
A. the cold shower B. cold shower C. cold shower cold shower 可以加the嗎?
(A)8. Although hunters and birdwatchers have different motives, both groups seek the same end result _____ that is fit for wildlife.
A. a countryside B. the countryside C. countryside 可以選(B)嗎?
(A)9. He was released after four years in prison _____ he did not leave the country.
A. on condition that B. as well as C. as soon as 請問這題語意是什麼? 我可以選(C)嗎?
(C)10. ______ to change any money as US dollars are accepted in most hotels and shops.
A. There is of no need B. It is no need C. There is no need 請問(B)和(C)的差別是什麼?
(C)11. Our team already has a lot more points than the other teams, so we _____ win this match to stay at the top of the league.
A. mustn’t B. must C. don’t need to 請問這題的語意是什麼? 我可以選(B)嗎?
(A)12. Everyone in the class, Patrick _____, did poorly in the test.
A. excepted B. except for C. except 請老師再說一次 (A)(B)(C)的差別
Thank you, Chris.
A. to book B. booking C. to be booking 可以選(A)嗎?
(C)2. I can smell something _____ in here. Can you smell it too?
A. to be burning B. be burning C. burning 可以選(B)嗎?
(B)3. The evening news ______ the weather, saying that temperatures would be over 35 degrees all week.
A. warned people of B. warned people about C. warned people from 可以選(A)嗎?
(A)4. The facilities are so good that guests _____ leave the hotel for anything, except sightseeing.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t 可以選(C)嗎?
(A)5. Scientists ______ the loss of communication with the satellite to be the result of computing problems.
A. believe B. explain C. complain 可以選(B)嗎?
(B)6. It is now easy to order goods on the Internet, but the means of delivering these goods _____ to be improved.
A. have B. has C. are 可以選(A)嗎?
(C)7. I think ______ is the best way of waking up in the morning.
A. the cold shower B. cold shower C. cold shower cold shower 可以加the嗎?
(A)8. Although hunters and birdwatchers have different motives, both groups seek the same end result _____ that is fit for wildlife.
A. a countryside B. the countryside C. countryside 可以選(B)嗎?
(A)9. He was released after four years in prison _____ he did not leave the country.
A. on condition that B. as well as C. as soon as 請問這題語意是什麼? 我可以選(C)嗎?
(C)10. ______ to change any money as US dollars are accepted in most hotels and shops.
A. There is of no need B. It is no need C. There is no need 請問(B)和(C)的差別是什麼?
(C)11. Our team already has a lot more points than the other teams, so we _____ win this match to stay at the top of the league.
A. mustn’t B. must C. don’t need to 請問這題的語意是什麼? 我可以選(B)嗎?
(A)12. Everyone in the class, Patrick _____, did poorly in the test.
A. excepted B. except for C. except 請老師再說一次 (A)(B)(C)的差別
Thank you, Chris.
2009年12月8日 星期二
whatever的用法
Whatever有兩個用法，一是名詞子句，二是用於讓步子句(即副詞子句)。
1. 用於名詞子句
Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。
Whatever she said was not true. 不管她說什麼都不是真的。
I will do whatever you wish. 我可做任何你想要的事。
Give them whatever they desire. 他們想要什麼就給他們什麼。
Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都由你使用。
You may do whatever you want to do. 無論你想做什麼事，你都可以做。
I'll say whatever comes into my mind. 我一想到什麼就說什麼。
I will tell you whatever news I got. 我會告訴你任何我得知的消息。
I will follow whatever my homeroom teacher wishes. 我會尊崇將我導師所希望的。
2. 用於引導讓步狀語從句
Whatever we said, he'd disagree. 無論我們說什麼，他都不同意。
Whatever happened, you must be calm. 不管發生什麼情況你都要冷靜。
We'll go along together whatever happens. 不管發生什麼情況我們都要起干。
Don't lose your confidence whatever difficulties you meet. 不管遇到什麼困難都不要失去信心。
Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret. 不管你做什麼，我都不會把我的祕密告訴你。
Whatever happens to them, it is nothing to do with me. 不管他們發生什麼事情，都和我無關。
【其他補充】
Whatever子句有時可以省略動詞。如︰
Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision. 不管你怎樣爭辯，我還是堅持自己的決定。
PS.
fish只有當種類才可加es 即 fishes (但是我們可以選擇更美的文字用法"species of fish")
1. 用於名詞子句
Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。
Whatever she said was not true. 不管她說什麼都不是真的。
I will do whatever you wish. 我可做任何你想要的事。
Give them whatever they desire. 他們想要什麼就給他們什麼。
Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都由你使用。
You may do whatever you want to do. 無論你想做什麼事，你都可以做。
I'll say whatever comes into my mind. 我一想到什麼就說什麼。
I will tell you whatever news I got. 我會告訴你任何我得知的消息。
I will follow whatever my homeroom teacher wishes. 我會尊崇將我導師所希望的。
2. 用於引導讓步狀語從句
Whatever we said, he'd disagree. 無論我們說什麼，他都不同意。
Whatever happened, you must be calm. 不管發生什麼情況你都要冷靜。
We'll go along together whatever happens. 不管發生什麼情況我們都要起干。
Don't lose your confidence whatever difficulties you meet. 不管遇到什麼困難都不要失去信心。
Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret. 不管你做什麼，我都不會把我的祕密告訴你。
Whatever happens to them, it is nothing to do with me. 不管他們發生什麼事情，都和我無關。
【其他補充】
Whatever子句有時可以省略動詞。如︰
Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision. 不管你怎樣爭辯，我還是堅持自己的決定。
PS.
fish只有當種類才可加es 即 fishes (但是我們可以選擇更美的文字用法"species of fish")
2009年12月5日 星期六
All I Have to Do Is Dream
句型：All (that) S +V... is + V
All I Have To Do Is Dream by The Everly Brothers
Dream, dream, dream, dream, dream, 做夢、做夢、做夢、做夢、做夢
Dream, dream, dream, when I want you in my arms 當我想把你抱在懷裡的時候後我就做夢
When I want you and all your charms 當我想要你和你所有的風情萬種
Whenever I want you 每當我需要你的時候
All I have to do is dream 我唯一能做的就是做夢
Dream, dream, dream, when I feel blue in the night 當我夜裡感覺沮喪的時候，我就做夢
And I need you to hold me tight 還有我需要你抱緊我的時候
Whenever I want you 每當我需要你的時候
All I have to do is dream 我唯一能做的就是做夢
*I can make you mine 我可以擁有你
Taste your lips of wine 品嚐你醇酒般的唇
any time, night or day 任何時候都可以，不管白天還是夜晚
Only trouble is, gee whiz 唯一的問題就是，哎呀
I'm dreaming my life away 我做夢都把生命給夢光了
I need you so that I could die 我這麼樣地需要你，我快活下下去了
I love you so and that is why 我是這麼樣地愛你，而那就是為什麼
Whenever I want you 每當我需要你的時候
All I have to do is dream 我只有做夢
All I Have To Do Is Dream by The Everly Brothers
Dream, dream, dream, dream, dream, 做夢、做夢、做夢、做夢、做夢
Dream, dream, dream, when I want you in my arms 當我想把你抱在懷裡的時候後我就做夢
When I want you and all your charms 當我想要你和你所有的風情萬種
Whenever I want you 每當我需要你的時候
All I have to do is dream 我唯一能做的就是做夢
Dream, dream, dream, when I feel blue in the night 當我夜裡感覺沮喪的時候，我就做夢
And I need you to hold me tight 還有我需要你抱緊我的時候
Whenever I want you 每當我需要你的時候
All I have to do is dream 我唯一能做的就是做夢
*I can make you mine 我可以擁有你
Taste your lips of wine 品嚐你醇酒般的唇
any time, night or day 任何時候都可以，不管白天還是夜晚
Only trouble is, gee whiz 唯一的問題就是，哎呀
I'm dreaming my life away 我做夢都把生命給夢光了
I need you so that I could die 我這麼樣地需要你，我快活下下去了
I love you so and that is why 我是這麼樣地愛你，而那就是為什麼
Whenever I want you 每當我需要你的時候
All I have to do is dream 我只有做夢
L9 Giant Pandas: An Endangered Species
blame (sb.) for (sth.)
blame (sth.) on (sb.)
He blamed me for the accident. (=He blamed the accident on me.)
他把這次意外事件歸咎於我。
obvious vs. concrete
obvious: clear; easy to see, recognize or understand
concrete: clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt:
basically 在根本上
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Why is the title named "Giant Pandas"?
Compared with cats, pandas are much bigger.
Explanation:
至於大熊貓的「大」字，應該是個形容詞，描繪panda渾圓壯碩的模樣（一隻成年的貓熊可以重達一百多公斤，相當於兩個成年人的體重）。而貓在人的印象中，不管長得多肥，都不屬於龐然大物。所以，在熊貓前面加個大字，才能彰顯出牠跟貓在size上的區別！事實上，貓熊稱不上giant，因為四十隻貓熊才與一隻大象等重。
II. Vocabulary 補充
I. Words for production
1. on the verge of extinction 瀕臨絕種；extinct volcano 死火山
2. marine life 海洋生物
字首en- 形成的動詞表示「使……」，常常可以從後面的字推測整個動詞的意思。
en + able（能夠的）→ enable（使能夠）
en + large（大的）→ enlarge（增大）
en + rich（豐富的）→ enrich（使豐富）
en + danger（危險）→ endanger（危害）
en + joy（歡樂）→ enjoy（享受）
4. rare species可以指真的罕見的動植物，也可以用來開玩笑地說某種人很少見。
5. main course 主菜；main idea 主旨
6. deforestation n. [U] 砍伐森林；deforest v. [T] 砍伐，移除……上的樹木； rain forest 雨林
字首de- 代表的是「相反」、「減少」、「移除」的意思。
例如：decrease 減少
defrost 解凍
dehumidify 除濕
delete 刪除
deny 否認
7. agriculture n. [U] 農業； forestry 林業；fishery 漁業； stock farming 畜牧業；dairy farming 酪農業;
aquaculture 水產養殖業； mining 礦業
8. threaten v. [T] 威脅；threat n. [C] 威脅；under threat (of sth.) 受到（……的）威脅；pose a threat to 對……造成威脅
9. starve v. [I, T] 挨餓；starvation n. [U] 挨餓；starving adj. 挨餓的；starved adj. 挨餓的；be starving to death 快要餓死了；be starved to death 餓死了
10. worse adj. 更糟的；worse n. [U] 更糟的人、事、物；worse adv. 更糟地；worsen v. [I, T]（使）惡化；go from bad to worse 每況愈下；for better or (for) worse 不管怎樣
11. bloom v. [I] 開花；蓬勃發展( mushroom快速生長、發展)；bloom n. [C]（尤指開在植物上的）花朵；in full bloom 開滿了花
12. 帶 -mate的複合字，都有同伴的意思：
teammate 隊友
classmate 同班同學
schoolmate 同校同學
playmate 玩伴
roommate 室友
running mate 競選搭檔
soul mate 心靈伴侶
13. fur n. [C, U] 毛，毛皮；furless adj. 沒毛的；furry adj. 毛茸茸的
14. 跟predator相反的就是prey：
prey n. [U] 獵物
a bird of prey 猛禽
be easy prey 容易下手的目標
be/fall prey to sth. 成為……下的犧牲者
15. fortune-teller 算命師；tell sb's fortune 算命；make a (big/small) fortune 發財；cost a (small) fortune 所費不貲
16. fund n. [C] 基金會；基金；funds n. (pl.) 資金
17. preserve v. [T] 保存；醃漬（食物）；preserve n. [C, U] 蜜餞；preservation n. [U] 保存
18. kilo- 這個字首有1000倍的意思。
kilometer 公里（長度單位meter公尺的1000倍）
kiloliter 公秉（容量單位liter公升的1000倍）
kilowatt 千瓦（電力單位watt瓦特的1000倍）
19. cub是特別指某些肉食性動物的幼獸，例如獅、熊、狼等。
III. Grammar
-- Passive Voice 被動式
被動式文法
A. 何謂主動，被動?
主動句----主詞是動詞的動作者 ◆我打破窗戶。
被動句-----主詞是動詞的接受者 ◆窗戶被我打破。
B. 何時使用被動式`? 主詞被動詞 ......。
C. 被動式的基本型就是be+pp；但時態不同，被動句的類型 亦會有變化。
1. 現在式的被動------am,are,is +p.p. e.g. English is mostly used nowadays.
2. 過去式的被動------were,was +p.p. e.g. A dear John letter was just sent to him.
3. 未來式的被動------will be + p.p. e.g. The project will be finished by tomorrow.
4. 現在進行式的被動------am,are,is + being+ p.p. e.g. Meansures are being taken to help animals.
5. 過去進行式的被動------were,was + being+ p.p.
6. 現在完成式的被動------have,has + been + p.p. e.g. The game has been won by the Elephants.
7. 過去完成式的被動------had + been + p.p.
8. 未來完成式的被動------will have been + p.p.
D. 特殊情形的被動句
1. 授與動詞的被動(sell give,buy)
◆ He gave me a pen = He gave a pen to me.
= I was given a pen by him.= A pen was given to me by him.
2. 感官動詞的被動( see, hear,watch)
在主動句中，感官動詞之後的to + 需省略 to，但在被動句中 to 不可省略
◆ I saw him run along the street.= He was seen to run along the street by me.
E. 何時該省略 by + 受詞
1. 受詞是所皆知 (e.g. people )
2. 受詞不知是誰或不必知道是誰 (e.g. someone, they)
F. 含有助動詞的被動句
被動句：主詞 + 助動詞 + be +p.p. + by + 受詞
-- 不定詞 (to V)
不定詞在句子中可以作名詞、形容詞、副詞等。
1. 不定詞作名詞
To learn a foreign language is not easy.(主語用)
I forgot to hand in my paper.(受詞用)
3. 不定詞作形容詞
Will you help me to water the plant when I go out of town?(受詞補語用)
Disney's greatest wish was to be a famous artist.(主詞補語用)
4. 不定詞作副詞
He has a lot of questions to ask.
To be honest, I don't like you at all.
She was exhausted, so she went home to take a rest.
Assignment:
Topic: How Much You Know about Endangered Species
1. Choose two endangered species you are interested in.
2. Introduce what they look look, where they live, how they survive, and how people do to protect them.
blame (sth.) on (sb.)
He blamed me for the accident. (=He blamed the accident on me.)
他把這次意外事件歸咎於我。
obvious vs. concrete
obvious: clear; easy to see, recognize or understand
concrete: clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt:
basically 在根本上
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Why is the title named "Giant Pandas"?
Compared with cats, pandas are much bigger.
Explanation:
至於大熊貓的「大」字，應該是個形容詞，描繪panda渾圓壯碩的模樣（一隻成年的貓熊可以重達一百多公斤，相當於兩個成年人的體重）。而貓在人的印象中，不管長得多肥，都不屬於龐然大物。所以，在熊貓前面加個大字，才能彰顯出牠跟貓在size上的區別！事實上，貓熊稱不上giant，因為四十隻貓熊才與一隻大象等重。
II. Vocabulary 補充
I. Words for production
1. on the verge of extinction 瀕臨絕種；extinct volcano 死火山
2. marine life 海洋生物
字首en- 形成的動詞表示「使……」，常常可以從後面的字推測整個動詞的意思。
en + able（能夠的）→ enable（使能夠）
en + large（大的）→ enlarge（增大）
en + rich（豐富的）→ enrich（使豐富）
en + danger（危險）→ endanger（危害）
en + joy（歡樂）→ enjoy（享受）
4. rare species可以指真的罕見的動植物，也可以用來開玩笑地說某種人很少見。
5. main course 主菜；main idea 主旨
6. deforestation n. [U] 砍伐森林；deforest v. [T] 砍伐，移除……上的樹木； rain forest 雨林
字首de- 代表的是「相反」、「減少」、「移除」的意思。
例如：decrease 減少
defrost 解凍
dehumidify 除濕
delete 刪除
deny 否認
7. agriculture n. [U] 農業； forestry 林業；fishery 漁業； stock farming 畜牧業；dairy farming 酪農業;
aquaculture 水產養殖業； mining 礦業
8. threaten v. [T] 威脅；threat n. [C] 威脅；under threat (of sth.) 受到（……的）威脅；pose a threat to 對……造成威脅
9. starve v. [I, T] 挨餓；starvation n. [U] 挨餓；starving adj. 挨餓的；starved adj. 挨餓的；be starving to death 快要餓死了；be starved to death 餓死了
10. worse adj. 更糟的；worse n. [U] 更糟的人、事、物；worse adv. 更糟地；worsen v. [I, T]（使）惡化；go from bad to worse 每況愈下；for better or (for) worse 不管怎樣
11. bloom v. [I] 開花；蓬勃發展( mushroom快速生長、發展)；bloom n. [C]（尤指開在植物上的）花朵；in full bloom 開滿了花
12. 帶 -mate的複合字，都有同伴的意思：
teammate 隊友
classmate 同班同學
schoolmate 同校同學
playmate 玩伴
roommate 室友
running mate 競選搭檔
soul mate 心靈伴侶
13. fur n. [C, U] 毛，毛皮；furless adj. 沒毛的；furry adj. 毛茸茸的
14. 跟predator相反的就是prey：
prey n. [U] 獵物
a bird of prey 猛禽
be easy prey 容易下手的目標
be/fall prey to sth. 成為……下的犧牲者
15. fortune-teller 算命師；tell sb's fortune 算命；make a (big/small) fortune 發財；cost a (small) fortune 所費不貲
16. fund n. [C] 基金會；基金；funds n. (pl.) 資金
17. preserve v. [T] 保存；醃漬（食物）；preserve n. [C, U] 蜜餞；preservation n. [U] 保存
18. kilo- 這個字首有1000倍的意思。
kilometer 公里（長度單位meter公尺的1000倍）
kiloliter 公秉（容量單位liter公升的1000倍）
kilowatt 千瓦（電力單位watt瓦特的1000倍）
19. cub是特別指某些肉食性動物的幼獸，例如獅、熊、狼等。
III. Grammar
-- Passive Voice 被動式
被動式文法
A. 何謂主動，被動?
主動句----主詞是動詞的動作者 ◆我打破窗戶。
被動句-----主詞是動詞的接受者 ◆窗戶被我打破。
B. 何時使用被動式`? 主詞被動詞 ......。
C. 被動式的基本型就是be+pp；但時態不同，被動句的類型 亦會有變化。
1. 現在式的被動------am,are,is +p.p. e.g. English is mostly used nowadays.
2. 過去式的被動------were,was +p.p. e.g. A dear John letter was just sent to him.
3. 未來式的被動------will be + p.p. e.g. The project will be finished by tomorrow.
4. 現在進行式的被動------am,are,is + being+ p.p. e.g. Meansures are being taken to help animals.
5. 過去進行式的被動------were,was + being+ p.p.
6. 現在完成式的被動------have,has + been + p.p. e.g. The game has been won by the Elephants.
7. 過去完成式的被動------had + been + p.p.
8. 未來完成式的被動------will have been + p.p.
D. 特殊情形的被動句
1. 授與動詞的被動(sell give,buy)
◆ He gave me a pen = He gave a pen to me.
= I was given a pen by him.= A pen was given to me by him.
2. 感官動詞的被動( see, hear,watch)
在主動句中，感官動詞之後的to + 需省略 to，但在被動句中 to 不可省略
◆ I saw him run along the street.= He was seen to run along the street by me.
E. 何時該省略 by + 受詞
1. 受詞是所皆知 (e.g. people )
2. 受詞不知是誰或不必知道是誰 (e.g. someone, they)
F. 含有助動詞的被動句
被動句：主詞 + 助動詞 + be +p.p. + by + 受詞
-- 不定詞 (to V)
不定詞在句子中可以作名詞、形容詞、副詞等。
1. 不定詞作名詞
To learn a foreign language is not easy.(主語用)
I forgot to hand in my paper.(受詞用)
3. 不定詞作形容詞
Will you help me to water the plant when I go out of town?(受詞補語用)
Disney's greatest wish was to be a famous artist.(主詞補語用)
4. 不定詞作副詞
He has a lot of questions to ask.
To be honest, I don't like you at all.
She was exhausted, so she went home to take a rest.
Assignment:
Topic: How Much You Know about Endangered Species
1. Choose two endangered species you are interested in.
2. Introduce what they look look, where they live, how they survive, and how people do to protect them.
2009年12月4日 星期五
2009年12月2日 星期三
School Trip
Dear all,
You may not be interested in studying at the school, but I hope you to explore your vision to see what college looks like so that you can well prepare for the future.
文藻外語學院於99年2月27日(六)下午舉辦"認識文藻半日遊",報名時間自98年12月
1日至99年2月14日,請自行上網報名。本梯名額150名(含家長),以網路報名先後錄取,
報名後要取消請於99年2月14日前直接上網或電話通知或更改梯次。預訂第二梯次於
99年5月29日(六)下午。http://www2.wtuc.edu.tw/iwz
You may not be interested in studying at the school, but I hope you to explore your vision to see what college looks like so that you can well prepare for the future.
文藻外語學院於99年2月27日(六)下午舉辦"認識文藻半日遊",報名時間自98年12月
1日至99年2月14日,請自行上網報名。本梯名額150名(含家長),以網路報名先後錄取,
報名後要取消請於99年2月14日前直接上網或電話通知或更改梯次。預訂第二梯次於
99年5月29日(六)下午。http://www2.wtuc.edu.tw/iwz
2009年12月1日 星期二
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